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CiiPW?IGHT DEPOSIT. 



Agricultural Woodworking 

A GROUP OF PROBLEMS FOR 

Rural and Graded Schools, Agricultural High Schools 
and the Farm Workshop 

By 

Louis M. Roehl 

u 



Director of Farm Mechanics, 

Milwaukee County School of Agriculture 

and Domestic Economy, 

Wauwatosa, Wisconsin 



The Bruce Publishing Company 

MILWAUKEE, WIS. 






Copyright 1916 
The Bruce PubHshing Company 



ft 



AUG 31 1916 



17-/^^^/ 



iCI.A4^H332 



PREFACE 



THE manual training which is offered in the rural schools, 
graded schools and agricultural high schools should 
be principally of an agricultural nature. Work of this 
kind has a tendency to keep the boys in school for a longer 
period of time. It creates a desire to use tools in making 
farm necessities and improving farm buildings and equipment. 
It develops a closer relationship between the school and the 
home. It trains the eye and hand and develops patience, 
perseverance, judgment and accuracy. It creates a desire 
to equip and use a shop at home. It has a bearing on mak- 
ing the boys want to stay on the farm. 

It is with these thoughts in mind that this book on 
agricultural woodworking has been prepared. It is intended 
that it be used by the boys both at school and at home in 
the farm workshop as an aid to efficient farming. 



CONTENTS 



Page 

Preface 3 

Woodworking Equipment for Country 

Schools 5 

Directions for Reducing Stock to 

Dimensions 6-7 

Bread Board 8-9 

Bench Hook 10-11 

Feeding Trough for Clucks 12-13 

Fly Trap 14-15 

Folding Bench 16-17 

Nail and Staple Box 18-19 

Bird House 20-21 

Window Screen 22-23 

Tool Sharpening 24 

Saw Filing 25 

Milking Stool 26-27 

Ironing Board 28-29 

Wagon Jack 30-31 

Conuuunity liird House 32-33 

Chicken Feonl Hopper 34-35 

Chicken Brooder Coop and Bun 36-37 

Eveners and Singletree 38-39 

Fence and Gate 40-41 

Bench 42-43 

Rabbit Trap 44-45 

Seed Corn Ciu'ing Frame 46-47 

Seed Corn Tree. . . ; 46-48 

Chicken Brooder Coop and Run 49-50-51 

Clothes Line Reel and Kitchen Stool. . .52-53 

Step Ladder 54-55 

Swinging Farm Gate 56-57 

Trap Nest 58-59 

Hive Seat and Tool Box 60-61 

Ladders 62-63 

Carpenter's Tool Box 64-65 

Two-Man Weight Carrier 66-67 

Saw Horse 68-69 



Page 

Lawn or Porch Seat. . 70-71 

Daily Milk Record Sheet Case 72-73-74 

Oats Sprouter 75-76-77 

Fruit Ladder 78-79 

Wagon Box 80-81 

Flat Hay Rack 82-83 

Carpenter's Work Bench 84-85-86 

A Farm Work Shop 87-91 

Ensilage Rack 92-93 

Roughage Feed Rack for Swine 94-95 

Roughage Feed Rack for Cattle 96-97 

Hay Rack 98-99 

King Road Drag 100-101 

Grain Bed 102-103 

Garden Wheelbarrow 104 

Land Leveler 105 

Blanker 106 

Wagon Bed 107 

Wagon Box 108 

Toi) Wagon Box 109 

Stock Rack 110 

Silo Form 111-112 

Farm Buildings 113 

Portable Hog House 114 

Colony Poultry House 115-116 

Poultry House 117 

Pigeon House 118 

Hog House 119 

Implement Shed 120 

(^orn C'ril) 121 

Combination Dairy and Horse Barn. 122-125 

(combination Horse and Cow Barn 126 

Plan for a Farmstead 127 

Knots and Sphces 128-133 

Lacing a Belt with a Rawhide Thong .... 134 
Lacing a Belt with Metallic Wire Belt 

Lacing - 135 

Tools 136-137 



WOODWORKING EQUIPMENT FOR 
COUNTRY SCHOOLS 

-22-inch Hand Rip Saw 8 Point $1 .50 

-22-inch Hand Cross Cut Saw 8 Point 1 . 50 

-Claw Hammer, 12 oz. Straight Claw, Plain Face . .55 

-Jack Plane, 14-inch with 2-inch Cutter 2. 15 

-Try Square, 8 inch .35 

-T bevel, 8 inch 30 

-Marking Gauge No. 10 

-Divider, 8 inch .35 

-Carpenter's Mallet, 2fx3f inches .25 

-2-foot Four Fold Rule, Brass Bound 35 

-j-inch Socket Firmer Chisel .35 

-|-inch Socket Firmer Chisel .35 

-f -inch Socket Firmer Chisel .40 

-Bench Stops .10 

-8-inch Bench Brush .35 

-12-inch Handy Saw 1 . 25 

-Steel Rafter Framing Square 1.75 

-Bench Hook 35 

-6-inch Screw Driver .30 

-10-inch Screw Driver .50 

-Ratchet Brace, 8-inch Sweep 1 . 10 

-10-inch Flat Bastard Mill File, with Handle 25 

-6-inch Slim Taper Triangular File, with Handle... . 10 

-8-inch Drawing Knife .70 

-Nail Set, 3-32 inch 10 

-Rose Countersink .15 

-Set Twist Drill Bits 1 . 25 

-2x8-inch Combination Carborundum Stone 1 . 00 

-Special Saw Set .40 

-6-inch Combination Plier .30 

-Putty Knife 15 

-Set of Six Auger Bits, I, f, ^, f, f , 1 inch 1 .50 

-Coping Saw, Nickel Plated, Wire Frame .25 



$20.35 



For illustrations of tools see pages 136-137. 



AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 



DIRECTIONS FOR REDUCING STOCK TO DIMENSIONS 



1 — Plane one side smooth and 
mark "I." Call this side the 
working face. Fig. 1. 




Fig. 1. 



Holding Wood Between Beneli i'eg 
Planing Surface. 




-Plane one adjoining edge 
at right angles to surface "I" 
and mark "II." Call this 
edge the working edge. 
Fig. 2. 



Fig. 2. Edge Planing. 



3 — Draw a line acro.ss surface 
"I" near one end at right 
angles to surface "II," and 
remove the end stock to 
line with saw or plane. 
Mark end surface "III." 
Call this end the working 
end. Kig. 3, Fig. 4. 




Fig. 3. Squaring the End with Try Square 
and Pencil. 



AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 



-Measure off the length of the 
required piece on surface 
"I" from the end surface 
"III," and reduce stock to 
length with saw or plane. 
Fig. 4. 





Fig. 4a. End Planing with a Block Plane. 

5 — Mea.sure off the width of the 
required piece on surface "I" 
from edge "II" and remove 
stock to line with plane. 

6 — With marking gauge set at 
the thickness of the required 
piece, measure off the thick- 
ness of the required stock 
from surface "I" and remove 
stock to line with plane. 
Fig. 5. 




Sawing Cross Grain on Bench Hook with 
Back or Handy Saw. 



4a — The end may be trimmed 
with a block plane as shown. 
Fig. 4a. 




Fig. 5. The Marking Gauge in Use. 



- In reducing a piece of 
wood to dimensions the try 
square should be used con- 
stantly, to obtain right angles 
with the adjoining surfaces. 
The stock should be removed 
to the line but the line should 
never be cut away. Fig. 6. 



Fig. 6. 



Testing to See if End is Square 
with the Edge. 



AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 



BREAD BOARD 

Material Required 

Lumber : 1 piece basswood, pop- 
lar or white pine tlx5^xllK 
inches. 

Tools 
Sharp lead pencil, rule, try 
square, jack plane, handy 
saw, brace, ^g inch bit, ^ 
inch chisel, marking gauge, 
dividers. 

Stock Bill 
Pieces. Finished Dimensions. 
1. ^x5 3^x11 inches. 




Fig. 7. Swinging an Arc with a Compass. 




Directions 

-Reduce stock to finished di- 
mensions following the above 
directions. 

-To lay out round corners 
locate points at each corner 
on both sides 1 inch from 
end and 1 inch from edge, 
and with dividers set at a 1- 
inch radius swing an arc 
across the corner to edge 
and end. Fig. 7. 



Fig. 8. Chiseling with the Grain. 



3 — Draw a Hne across edge and 
end at each corner 1 inch 
from the corner so that the 
proper amount of stock may 
be removed. 

4 — Remove stock at corner with 
% inch chisel, cutting with 
the grain. Fig. 8. 





Fig. 9. Boring a Hole. 



-Locate a point % inch from 
one end on a center line 
drawn lengthwise of the 
stock and bore hole with 
^8 inch bit. Bore from one 
side until the point of the 
bit comes through, then turn 
the board and finish from the 
other side. This prevents 
sphtting of the wood around 
the hole. Fig. 9, Fig. 10. 



Fig. 10. Feeling for the Point of the Bit. 




10 



AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 



11 



BENCH HOOK 

Material Required 

Lumber: 1 piece white or yellow pine, 
■^x5ysxl0y2 inches. 

1 piece white or yellow pine 
T^xlJ^xll inches. 
(Cypress or Oregon pine may 
be substituted for white or yel- 
low pine.) 

Hardware : 6 flat head bright wood screws 
l^inch, No. 8. 




Fig. 12. Setting a Plane. 

Directions 

1 — Reduce all pieces to finished dimensions. 

2 — Draw a center line lengthwise of big piece. 

3 — Locate a point on line just drawn 214 
inches from one end and bore % inch hole. 

4 — Locate points on each of the small pieces 
for screws. 

5 — Bore holes for screws with ^ inch twist 
bit and countersink the holes. 

6 — Clamp all pieces accurately in position in 
vise and assemble with screws. If white 
pine or other soft wood is used the screws 
may be forced into the large piece without 
drilling a hole, but if yellow pine or other 
hardwood is used a hole should be made for 
starting the screw with a smaller bit than 
that used for the shank of the screw. 
The screw driver should be held straight 
and pressed firmly so as not to mar the slot 
in the screw. 

The hole for the-ljead of the screw should 
be countersunk so that the head is slightly 
below the surface of the wood. 




Fig. 11. 



Position to Hold Sand Paper and 8aud 
Paper Block. 



Tools 

Sharp lead pencil, rule, try square, jack plane, 
handy saw, brace, ^ inch bit. No. A inch 
twist drill, countersink, screw driver. 

Stock Bill 

Pieces. Finished Dimensions. 
1. Mx53^xlO in. 

1. Mxl^x 5M in. 

1. HxlHx 43^ in. 




Fig. 13. Countersinking a Hole. 




12 



AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 



13 



FEEDING TROUGH FOR CHICKS 



Material Required 

Lumber: 1 piece cypress, white pine or 
basswood, tlxdJ^^xQ inches. 
1 piece cypress, white pine or basswood, 
T|xtix223^ inches. 

1 piece cypress, white pine or basswood, 
J^x9x30 inches. 

(Poplar or redwood may be substituted 
for cypress, white pine or basswood.) 

Hardware: 2 flat head bright wood screws, 
1>^ inch No. 10. 
5 dozen J^ inch brads. 
16 1J4 inch brads. 
12 4d finishing nails. 

Tools 

Sharp lead pencil, rule, try square, T bevel, 
jack plane, hammer, brace, -^ inch twist 
drill, countersink, nail set, screw driver. 




Fig. 14. Proper Position to Hold Screw Driver 



Pieces. 
2. 

1. 

1. 

2. 

28. 



Stock Bill 

Finished Dimensions. 
^x4 x4 inches. 
%x %x22 inches. 
3^x3 x22 inches. 
Hx2^x22 inches. 
Hx ^x 2'}4 inches. 



Use. 
Ends. 
Ridge. 
Bottom. 
Sides. 
Partitions. 




Directions 

1 — Reduce all pieces to finished di- 
mensions. 

2 — To make the end cuts of the par- 
titions hold the saw at 45° to a 
right angle. 

3 — Fasten ends to ridge with 13^ inch 
No. 10 screw. Use re inch twist 
drill for screw hole and counter- 
sink hole. 

4 — Fasten ends to sides and bottom 
with six 4d finishing nails at each 
end. 

5 — Nail sides to bottom with IJ^ 
inch brads. Use eight brads at 
each side spaced evenly. 

6 — Fasten partitions by using one 
]/s inch brad at each end. 



Fig. 15. Ripsawing on a Saw Horse. 




14 



AGklCULTURAL WOODWORKING 



15 



FLY TRAP 

Material Required 

Lumber: 1 piece white pine, cypress or basswoood t|x8x24 inches. 

1 piece white pine or basswood J^xlKxSG inches. 
Hardware: 16 fiat head bright wood screws IK inch, No. 8. 
4 dozen carpet tacks. 
1 piece wire fly screen 14 inches square. 
16 brads 1 34 inch, No. 18. 
14 shingle nails. 



Tools 

Sharp lead pencil, rule, try square, jack 
plane, handy saw, brace and ^ inch twist 
drill, countersink, screw driver, hammer, nail 
set, compass. 





Stock Bill 




Pieces 


Finished Dimensions 


Use 


4 


^x Mx8^ inches. 


Corners. 


8 


%x %x&}/2 inches. 


Cross Pieces, 


2 


%yL Mx93^ inches. 


Top. 


2 


%x Mx8 inches. 


Top. 


2 


J^xl x93^ inches. 


Top. 



3^x1 xI}/2 inches. Top. 




Fig. 16. Cross Sawing on a Saw Horse. 



Directions 

1 — -Reduce all pieces to finished dimensions. 

2 — Assemble box part of trap by using one flat head screw 1^ inch No. 8, and one brad IJ^ 
inch No. 16 at each joint. The hole for the screw should be made about half the length 
of the screw with the 5-32 inch twist drill and then countersunk. The two screws at each 
corner must be placed a little above and below center respectively .so as not to strike 
each other. 

3 — Place a brad at each joint at least 34 inch from the screw so as to prevent the stock from 
turning. 

4 — Assemble the four % inch pieces for the top same as box and nail the 1 inch strip as shown 
in the drawing with shingle nails. 

5 — Lay out the pattern for the screen on any piece of paper and cut the screen to the pat- 
tern with scissors or knife. 
6 — Sew the pattern together at the joint with a wire torn from the edge of the screen. 
7 — Tack screen in place with carpet tacks. 




16 



AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 



17 



FOLDING BENCH 

Material Required 

Lumber : 1 piece cypress or white pine texS inches x 9 f t. 6 inches. 
1 piece cypress or white pine HxlM inches x 7 feet. 
(Oregon pine or Southern pine may be substituted for cypress or white pine.) 

Hardware: 30 flat head bright wood screws 1% inches, No. 10. 
16 fiat head bright wood screws 1 inch, No. 7. 
4 carriage bolts and washers Hx2 inches. 



Tools 

Sharp lead pencil, rule, try square, jack plane, handy saw, brace, % inch bit, rt inch and 
3^ inch twist drills, countersink, % inch chisel, rip saw, screw driver, pliers, dividers. 



Pieces 

2. 
2. 
2. 
4. 
2. 
2. 
4. 



Stock Bill 

Finished Dimensions. 



Mx2Hx 4 feet 
Mx2Hx 3 feet 
Hx2}4xU}i inches. 
^x2 x21 inches. 
^x2 xl6 inches, 
^x ^xl43^ inches. 
3^x1 x21 inches. 



inches. 
103^ inches. 



Use. 
Sides. 
Platform. 
Ends. 
Legs. 

End cross pieces. 
Lower cross pieces. 
■End braces. 



Directions 

1 — Reduce all pieces to finished dimensions. 

2 — Fasten ends to four long pieces by using two 1% inch No. 10 screws at each joint. Bore 
holes for screws with re inch twist bit and countersink holes. 

3 — Fasten end lower cross piece by placing five screws as shown in the drawing. 

4 — Locate points for bolts on side pieces 13/8 inches from top edge and 3^ inches from end 
and bore hole with ^g inch bit. 

5 — Round upper end of legs. 

6 — Bore ^-s inch holes in legs at end for bolts. 

7 — Cut notch 3€ inch deep and % inch wide in upper edge of legs 2 inches from end and fasten 
cross piece in place with one 1% inch screw at each joint. 

8 — Lay out cross braces, making half lap joint at center and fasten with two 1 inch No. 7 
screws at each joint, and one ^ inch screw at half lap joint. 

9 — Fasten legs to top with bolts. 




18 



AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 



19 



NAIL AND STAPLE BOX 

Material Required 

Lumber: 1 piece white pine or basswood i6x8KxllJ/2 inches. 
1 piece white pine or basswood tix53^xll3^ inches. 
1 piece white pine or basswood 3^x4 inches by 4 feet 2 inches. 
(Redwood, poplar or cypress may be substituted for white pine or basswood.) 
Hardware: 5 flat head bright wood screws l}i inches, No. 8. 
3 dozen 4d finishing nails. 

Tools 
Sharp lead pencil, rule, try square, jack plane, handy saw, brace and 5-32 inch twist drill, 
countersink, 1 inch bit, screw driver, hammer, % inch chisel. 




Fig. 17. Holdiug the Plane at au Angle tu Cut a Chamfer 



Pieces. 
1. 
1. 
2. 
2. 
2. 



Stock Bill 

Finished Dimensions. 
^x8 xll inches. 
^x5 3^x11 inches. 
3/^x4 xl2 inches. 
3^x4 X 8 inches. 
3^x3 Mx SYs inches. 



Use. 
Bottom. 
Partition and handle. 

Sides. 
Ends. 
Cross partitions. 



Directions 

1 — Reduce all pieces to finished dimensions. 

2— To lay out opening for hand draw a line lengthwise of stock 13^2 inches from upper edge, 
also draw a center Hne crosswise of stock. Measurements should be made on hne running 
lengthwise of stock from center line. Locate points on line 13^ inches from center hne 
and bore 1 inch holes. Remove as much as possible of the remaining stock with 1 inch 
bit and trim opening with ^ inch chisel. 

3 — In making partition and handle first reduce piece to %x534xll inches. To lay out the 
slant draw two lines across upper edge 33^ inches from ends and a line across each end 
2 inches from upper edge. Connect lines just drawn with hues on both sides. 

4 — Lay out }i inch chamfer on upper edge and both ends of opening with pencil and re- 
move stock with chisel. 

5 — Remove stock for slant with saw and trim to line wath plane. 

6 — Lay out 3^ inch chamfer on corners of upper edge and remove stock with plane. 

7 — Assemble box by placing nails and screws as shown in drawing. 




20 



AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 



21 



BIRD HOUSE 

Material Required 

Lumber: 1 piece white pine or basswood %x5}4 inches x 3 feet 2 inches. 
1 piece white pine or basswood Hx8Mx8H inches. 
1 piece white pine or basswood j^xl^xlQj^ inches. 
(Poplar, cypress or redwood may be substituted for pine or basswood.) 

Hardware: 1 flat head bright wood screw 2 inch No. 12. 
4 flat head bright wood screws J^ inch No. 7. 

1 dozen IJ^ inch brads No. 18. 

2 dozen 1 inch brads No. 18. 

Tools 

Sharp lead pencil, rule, try square, jack plane, handy saw, brace, coping saw, twist drills 
7-32 inch and 3^ inch, countersink, screw driver, hammer, nail set, T bevel. 



Pieces 
1. 
2. 
2. 
2. 
1. 
1. 



Stock Bill 

Finished Dimensions. 
3^x6 3^x 8 inches. 
^x5 X 5J4 inches. 
Hx43/^x 4 inches. 
^x4%x 8 inches. 
3^x1 Hx 2 inches. 
%xl xl6 inches. 

Directions 



Use. 
Bottom. 
Ends. 
Sides. 
Roof. 
Brace. 
Post. 



circle. 



1 — Reduce all pieces to finished dimen.sions. 

2 — To make doorway draw a center line lengthwise of end piece and swing a circle with com- 
pass using point on center line IJ^ inches from end as center. 

3 — Draw L'nes at right angle to end tangent to sides of circle. 

4 — Remove stock for doorway using handy saw to cut to circle and coping saw to make the 

5 — Set the T bevel at the same angle as 
shown in the drawing and lay out the 
slant for the gable of end pieces. 

6 — With T bevel in same position as for 
gables lay out bevels on upper edge 
of both sides and both edges of two 
pieces for roof. 

7 — ^Fasten brace to post with 2 inch No. 
12 screw. Holes for flat head screws 
should always be bored and counter- 
sunk. 

8 — Fasten brace and post to bottom with 
four ]/8 inch No. 7 screws as shown 
in drawing. 

9 — Nail ends to sides by using three 1 
inch brads at each joint. 

10 — Draw lines on lower side of bottom 
piece where brads are to be placed 
so that when driven through bottom 
they will enter sides and ends. 

11 — Nail bottom, ends and sides by us- 
ing three 1 inch brads at each side 
and back and two at front. 

12 — Fasten top in place by using seven 
1 inch brads for each side. 

13 — Set brads with nail set. 




l-itr. is. 



Setting Xail with Nail Set. 




22 



AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 



23 



WINDOW SCREEN 

Material Required for Each Window 

Lumber: 1 piece white pine or cypress IH^'Z}^ inches by width of window for bottom rail. 
1 piece white pine 1)^8x2 inches by width of window plus twice the length of win- 
dow for top rails and stiles. 

1 piece white pine IJsxl inch by width of window for middle rail. 
Enough screen moulding to cover edges of screen and middle rail. 



Hardware: Twenty lOd casing nails, 
if nailed joint is used; 1 package No. 
16 brads if mortise and tenon joint 
is used and for nailing moulding; 
package of carpet tacks for screen; 
wire fly screen; paint. 

The finished dimensions are not given 
here as they must be obtained by measur- 
ing the window where the screen is to fit. 

The mortise and tenon joint is the 
stronger and better way of joining the 
screen at the corners, yet a nailed joint 
holds the members firmly in place if the 





Fig. 19. Position of Chisel and Mallet for Mortising. 

nails are well placed at an angle as shown 
in the drawing. The screen need lap 
only far enough on the sides and ends to 
be securely nailed. It should not project 
outside of the moulding which is placed 
on the inside edge of the sides and ends 
and across the middle rail. 

The painting should be done carefully 
so as to prevent moisture from getting 
into the joints. 



Fig. 20. Method for Holding Chisel in Mortising. 



24 



AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 



TOOL SHARPENING 

There are three distinct operations in sharpening a plane bit or chisel; first, grinding, 
Fig. 21; second, whetting the beveled side, Fig. 22; third, removing the wire edge from the 
plain side, Fig. 23. 

In grinding a plane iron loosen the cap screw with a screw driver and set the lever cap 
back on the plane iron so that it will be out of the way when removing the wire edge from 
the plain side. 




The plane iron or cutter should 
be held on the grinder so that the 
edge will be a perfect right angle 
with the side. It should be held 
firmly in one position so that only 
one bevel will be formed. In 
grinding, the tool should be moved 
from side to side on the grinder 
so as to prevent wearing the stone 
unevenly. 



Fig. 21. Grinding a Chisel. 



In whetting the beveled side of the 
chisel or plane iron it should be held 
firmly in both hands as indicated in 
Fig. 22 and given three or four for- 
ward strokes, pressing the iron firmly 
on to the stone. Do not move the 
wrists for this motion. The movement 
should occur at the elbow and by the 
swaying of the body forward and back. 




Fig. 22. Whetting the Beveled Side of a Chisel. 




licnidviiii; thr Wire Edge from the I hi 
Side of a Chisel. 



To remove the wire edge, lay the 
flat side of chisel or plane iron, flat 
on the oil stone as shown in Fig. 23 
and move it back and forth three or 
four strokes. Under no circumstances 
should the end of the iron be raised 
or lowered so that it won't lie flat 
on the stone. 

Until one becomes thoroughly famil- 
iar with tool sharpening the whett ing of 
both beveled and plain sides may 
need to be done more than once to 
instu-e a good cutting tool. 



AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 



25 




SAW FILING 

The first operation in sharpening a saw is that of jointing the saw, Fig. 24. The purpose 
of this is to bring'all teeth to an even length. This is done by drawing a flat file across the 
teeth of the saw\ One or two strokes is usually sufficient. The file must be held perfectly 
square; this may be facilitated by use of a block called a saw jointer, as shown in Fig. 24. 

The second opera- 
tion in saw sharpening 

is that of setting the 

saw. This consists of 

bending the teeth out- 
ward, one on one side, 

the next on the other 

and so on till all the 

teeth are bent. The 

set should not extend 

more than half the 

length of the tooth. 

For ordinary work the 

teeth should be set 

about one-third the 

thickness of the blade. 

For dry lumber the 

saw will require less 

set than for green or 

wet lumber. 

The third operation is that of filing the saw. In fifing a cross-cut saw the point of the 

file should point toward the point of the saw at an angle of about 45 degrees. In filing a 

rip saw the file is held straight across the saw. File every tooth to a point, one-half of 

the fiUng being done from each 
side, being careful to stop filing 
a tooth when it has been brought 
to a point. File the entire 
length of the saw from one side, 
then reverse the saw and file 
from the^other^side. The front 
edge of each tooth projecting 
away from the filer and the back 
edge of the tooth next ahead, 
should be filed with the same 
stroke. Only forward strokes 
i)f the file should be used. 

The fourth operation con- 
sists of placing the saw flat on 
a smooth surface, as the top of 
a bench, and running a whet- 
stone over the teeth so as to re- 
move the burr from the teeth 
Fig. 25. Filing a Saw. caused by filing. 



Fig. 24. Jointing a Saw. 








26 



AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 27 

MILKING STOOL 

Material Required 

Lumber: 1 piece white pine i^"xl0"x5' 3". 

(Cypress or redwood may be substituted for white pine.) 

Hardware: 15 flat head bright wood screws, If" No. 10. 16 flat head 
bright wood screws, If" No. 8 for braces. 





Stock Bill 




Pieces. 


Finished Dimensions. 


Use. 


1. 


f"xl0"xl2i" 


Seat. 


■« 

X. 


f"xlO"xllf" 


Back Leg. 


1. 


f"xl0"x5" 


Front Leg. 


1. 


|"xl0"x21i" 


Pail Rest. 


1. 


f"xl0"x5f" 


Front Seat Support 


4. 


f'x 2"x4i" 


Braces. 



Directions 

1. Reduce all pieces to finished dimensions. 

2. Round both ends of the seat and the front end of the pail rest to 
lines drawn across the stock on both sides |" from the end. 

3. Locate points on seat for hand hole as shown in the drawing and at 
these points swing circles with f " radius. Draw lines tangent to the circles. 

4. Bore a hole with |" bit so that the outside of the Y' hole touches 
the outside edge of the circle and cut the opening with a coping saw. 

5. Set the T bevel for the bevel cuts at the back end of the pail rest, 
the lower end of the front seat support, the upper end of the front leg and the 
upper end of the braces from the drawing and cut ends to the bevels. The 
lower ends of the braces are 45 degree cuts and may be laid out by setting 
the T bevel at 45 degrees on the steel square. 

6. Bore three holes for If" No. 10 screws at each joint spaced as shown 
in the drawing with 3-16" wood twist drill; countersink the holes and assemble 
the parts. 

7. Bore 5-32" holes for screws in braces; countersink the holes and 
fasten the braces. 

The stool may be assembled by using four 6d common nails at each joint 
and two 6d common nails at each end of each brace; however the screws 
are a better form of construction. 




28 



AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 29 

IRONING BOARD 

Material Required 

Lumber: 1 piece white pine, poplar or basswood, I|"xl2"x5' 0". 
1 piece white pine, poplar or basswood, il"x4"x3' 6". 

1 piece birch or oak tixl|"x8' 4". 

Hardware: 2 carriage bolts \"x2^" with 2 washers each. 
4 flat head bright wood screws 1\" , No. 8. 

2 flat head bright wood screws |", No. 7. 

2 steel butt hinges, riveted, with 1\" screws. 

Stock Bill 

Pieces. Finished Dimensions Use. 

1. Ii"xl2"x5' 0" Board. 

2. ir'xU"x3' 2" Clamps. 

1. fr'xl"xl2" Parting Strip. 

1. |"xl"x9i" Cross bar. 

1. il"x4"x2' 7" Post. 

1. il"x4"xl0" Post and Hinge 

Support. 

Directions 

1. Reduce all pieces to finished dimensions. 

2. To shape the board draw a center line lengthwise of stock and swing 
an arc with 5" radius on center line 5" from end. 

3. Draw lines across both edges 2' 3" from the same end as the arc. 

4. Remove stock to line with saw, draw knife and plane. 

5. Locate points for bolts 4" from end and 2" from edge and bore a 
11-16" hole Y' deep on the upper edge of board. 

6. Bore \" holes thru the board in center of 11-16" holes, and thru the 
parting strips and clamps. 

7. Bolt these three members in place and plug the 11-16" holes. 

8. Fasten the post to the post and hinge support with four l\" No. 8 
screws. 

9. Cut a small groove in the lower side of the board and also in the 
edge of the post and hinge support for the joint of the hinges and fasten the 
hinges. 

10. Place the board on the bench and the post standing up at right 
angle to the board and fasten the cross bar to the clamps so that it touches 
the post. 

11. Bore the f" hole in the lower end of post for hanging the board. 




30 



AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 31 



WAGON JACK 

Material Required 

Lumber : 1 piece oak, birch, maple or other hardwood I"x6"x6' 6". 
Hardware: 6 machine bolts |"x3|" with washers. 
2 flat head, bright wood screws 1|", No. 10. 

2 pieces of iron i"xl"x4". 

3 iron rivets V'xll". 





Stock Bill 




pieces. 


Finished Dimensions 


Use 


1. 
1. 
2. 
2. 
1. 
1. 
1. 


l"x3"x3'-0" 

l"x2r'x3'-0" 

I"x2i"xl2" 

l"xli"x22" 

I"x3"x24" 

f"x2"x8" 

|"x4"x4" 

Directions 


Top. 

Main Brace. 

Front Standards. 

Back Standards. 

Lever. 

Foot. 

Wheel. 



1. Reduce all pieces to finished dimensions. 

2. Round one end of the top by swinging an arc on a centerline at one 
end with a radius of one and one-half inches, and remove stock with saw 
and chisel. 

3. Lay out axle notches by drawing lines across the upper edge of the 
top two and three-quarters inches apart, and another line on the side of the 
stock one inch from the top edge. Cut the notches with the rip and cross- 
cut saws. 

4. Round the ends of the front standards by swinging arcs on a center- 
line one and one-eighth inches from the end with a one and one-eighth inch 
radius. 

5. Find the center of the piece for the wheel by drawing lines diagonally 
across the stock, and swing the circle with the compass set at a 2 inch radius. 

6. Lay out the lower end of the main brace as shown in the detail draw- 
ing to fit the foot, and cut the upper end at a bevel. 

7. Lay out and cut a one-quarter inch chamfer around the upper edge 
of the foot excepting where it fits into the main brace. 

8. Swing a circle on a centerline drawn lengthwise of the lever, one and 
one-half inches from the upper end with the compass set at one and one-half 
inch radius; taper the lever to one and one-half inches at the lower end, and 
remove the stock to line. Lay out and cut a one-quarter inch chamfer at all 
four corners of the lever as shown in the drawing. 

9. Fasten the foot to the main brace with two one and one-half inch 
No. 10 flat head, bright wood screws. 

10. Bore holes with three-eighths inch bit for bolts at positions shown 
in the drawing and assemble parts with bolts. 

11. Bore one-quarter inch holes for rivets of iron plate at center of 
circle of lever, as shown in the drawing at upper end, and fasten plates by 
riveting in position. 






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32 



AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 



33 



COMMUNITY BIRD HOUSE 

Material Required 

Lumber: 1 piece white pine or basswood ^"x6|"x9' 4". 

1 piece white pine or basswood Ti"x4"x4". 

1 piece white pine or basswood l|"xl^"xl6". 

(Poplar, cypress or redwood may be substituted for white pine or 

basswood.) 

Hardware: 1 flat head bright wood screw 2^', No. 12. 

4 flat head bright wood screws \\" , No. 8. 

2| doz. brads 1\" , No. 18, for bottom and sides. 

1| doz. 6d finishing nails for roof. 







Stock Bill 




Pieces. 


Finished Dimensions. 


Use. 


1. 




i"x6"xl3i" 


Bottom. 


2. 




"2 XO'2 XJ-^2^ 


Sides. 


3. 




i"x6"x7r' 


Ends and partition 


2. 




i"x5r'xl9i" 


Roof. 


1. 




ii"x4"x4" 


Support for post. 


1. 




liVli"xl6" 


Post 


2. 




r'xr'x7" 


Perch 


4. 




2 X2 -X-O 


Perch supports. 


Directions 








Fig. 26. Community Bird House. 



1. Reduce all pieces to fin- 
ished dimensions. 

2. To make doorway locate 
a point for center as indicated 
in drawing and draw a circle 
with the compass. Bore a hole 
with \" bit so that the outside 
edge of the hole touches the 
circle. Place a coping saw blade 
thru the \" hole, fasten blade 
in frame and saw the circle. 

3. To lay out the slant on 
partition and end pieces for gable 
set the T bevel at the same posi- 
tion as shown in the drawing. 

4. Lay out the bevels at ridge and eaves of roof boards with T bevel 
set the same as for end pieces. 

5. Fasten brace to post with one flat head bright wood screw2|", No. 12. 

6. Drill holes for screws with 5-32" wood twist drill ^" from end and 
\" from side at each corner of brace and fasten brace and post to bottom with 
four flat head bright wood screws \\" , No. 8. 

7. Fasten ends and partition to bottom with four 1\" No. 18 brads 
at each joint. 

8. Fasten sides to ends and partition by using five brads on each side 
at the bottom and three at each end. 

9. Fasten roof by using three 6d finishing nails at each joint. All 
nails and brads should be spaced evenly and driven straight so as not to run 
out at the side. 

10. In boring the holes for the f " screws in the perch supports the wood 
should be clamped in the vise so as to prevent splitting. 

11. Fasten perches with f" No. 6 flat head bright wood screws as shown 
in the drawing. 




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34 







Stock 


Bill 


'iece 


!S. Finished Dimensions Use. 


Pieces, 


1. 


W'xl0ys"x22^/s" 


Bottom. 


1. 


2. 


ii"xlOH"x22H" 


Ends. 


1. 


2. 


il"x8^"x24" 


Back. 


2. 


1. 


t^/'x4M"x24" 


Front at bottom 


2. 


1. 


-t^"xllM"x24" 


Front. 


3. 


1. 


t^"x4M"x24" 


Door. 


1. 


1. 


1|"x11tV'x2'4" 


Top. 





AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 35 

CHICKEN FEED HOPPER 

Material Required 

Lumber: 2 pieces white pine I"xl2"xl2' 0". 
Redwood or cypress may be substituted for white pine. 
Hardware: ^ lb. 8d common nails. 

1 round-head blued wood screw 11" No. 10. 

2 round-head blued wood screws If" No. 10. 
1 doz. 6d common nails. 

1 doz. 6d finishing nails. 

2 pair 6" light T hinges. 
32" of heavy cord. 

Small piece of wire for fastening weight. 
2 small screw eyes for fastening cord. 

ill 

. Finished Dimensions. Use. 

i^"x7"x2' 4" Top door. 

t^"x8"x2' 4" Top door. 

•il"x2"xl3" Cleats for door. 

ii"xl%"x2' 1" Levers. 

^"xt^"x24J^" Perches. 

K"x2" D. Circle Pulley. 

Directions 

1. Reduce all pieces to finished dimensions. 

2. Nail the ends to the bottom by using three nails at each joint. 

3. Nail the boards for the back in place and bevel the upper edge of 
the upper board so that the roof will fit on it snugly. 

4. Bevel the lower edge of the front board to fit against the end boards; 
fasten with three nails at each end and bevel the upper edge same as upper 
edge of back. 

5. Nail the front board at bottom and bevel its upper edge. 

6. Fasten the top by driving two nails into each end board and four into 
the back. 

7. Nail the cleats to the door using at least six 6d common nails for each 
cleat. The nails should be driven at a slant so as not to come thru. 

8. Cut notches in the upper edges of front to receive the cleats when 
the door is closed. 

9. Fasten hinges to door and door to top. 

10. Bevel the top edge of the lower door to fit front; fasten door by 
placing the strap part of the hinges against the box and bevel the front edge 
of the door. 

11. Fasten the three perches to the lever, by driving two 6d finishing 
nails thru the lever into each end. 

12. Place the levers driving a one and three-quarter inch, No. 10 round- 
head blued wood screw thru its center, and into the end of the hopper at 
points shown in the drawing. 

13. Fasten a screw eye into the upper edge of one lever at the front end, 
and another into the upper front edge of the lower door. 

14. Make a pulley for the cord by sawing a two-inch circle with the 
coping saw; cut a groove to receive the cord in the face of the pulley with 
round file or chisel. Bore a hole thru the center of the puUy the size of a 
two-inch. No. 10 screw and fa.sten in position shown in drawing. 

15. Fasten cord to screw eyes and run over the pulley. 

16. Hang a weight at the back end of the levers of sufficient weight to 
lower the door. 




36 



AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 



37 



Lumber : 



Hardware : 



CHICKEN BROODER COOP AND RUN 

Material Required 

1 piece t|"x9"x10' 0" white pine, Oregon pine, cypress or redwood. 
1 piece ii"x23^"xlO' 0" white pine, Oregon pine, cypress or redwood. 
1 piece t|"x2"x7' 6" white pine, Oregon pme, cypress or redwood. 
1 piece -i|"xl3^"x2' 0" white pine, Oregon pine, cypress or redwood. 
1 piece j^"xl"x2' 0" white pine, Oregon pine, cypress or redwood. 
^ lb. 4d common nails. 



1 lb. 6d common nails. 

21 hneal ft. 18", 1" mesh chicken wire. 

34 lb. ^"poultry netting staples. 







Stock Bill 






Pieces. 


Finished Dimensions 


1 Use. 


Pieces. 


Finished Dimensions Use. 


3. 


H"x9"x28^r' 


Platform. 


3. 


H"xl0"x25" 


Roof. 


4. 


it"x2i^"x27" 


Cleats for bot- 


3. 


il"xl0"x24k"' 


Roof. 






tom and sides. 


1. 


il"xl0"x20" 


Back. 


2. 


if"x2"xl9" 


Middle door 


2. 


il"x9"xl8" 


Back. 






slats. 


L 


ii"x2K"x23" 


Cleat for back. 


2. 


W'x2"xisy2" 


Side door slats. 


2. 


Wxiy2"xnH" 


Cleats for 


2. 


fr'x2"xl2" 


Front piece 






door. 






of slot for door. 


4. 


il"x2"x3' 9" 


Run sides. 


2. 


3^"xl"xll" 


Back piece of 


4. 


il"x2"x2' iVs" 


Run ends. 






slot for door. 


4. 


Wx2"xl8" 


Run posts. 




Directions 

1. Reduce all pieces to 
finished dimensions and label 
each piece. Labels should be 
written neatly with letters about 
the size used in writing on paper. 
Careless writing does not look 
well on woodwork. 

2. Fasten bottom cleats to 
bottom by driving two 6d com- 
mon nails in each board at each 
end. The nails are longer than 
the thickness of the boards and 
should be driven at a slant so 
as not to go thru. 

3. Fasten cleats to roof 
boards same as bottom and drive 
two nails into each board at the 
ridge. 

4. For laying out the slant 
on upper end of pieces for back 
and front the T bevel should 
be used and may be set at the 
same angle as the drawing. 

Fasten cleat to back pieces the same as bottom and roof; set back pieces in place 
and nail thru edge of back roof board. 

6. Nail the two lower front pieces firmly in place by nailing thru edge of front roof board 
and one nail in end of roof board cleat. 

7. Place cleats for door as shown in "Top view of door" and fasten with 6d nails. 

8. Fasten cleats to door by using two 4d common nails at each joint. Take a few shav- 
ings from the side of the side pieces so the door may shde freely. 

9. Cut the ends of the corner posts of the run as shown in the detail drawing and join 
the corners with three 6d common nails placed as shown in detail of corner. Assemble the 
sides and ends first. 

10. In fastening the wire begin at one corner and run the wire around the run, cutting 
the opening for the door as wide as the door and eight inches high. Do not cut the bottom 
strand of wire. Staples should be placed not more than 6 inches apart. 

XL Run the wire lengthwise at the top and fasten with staples at the end and sides. 

12. Bore a ^g inch hole thru the upper door cleat at the center. A peg placed in this 
hole may rest on the upper end piece of the run and hold the door open. A similar hole thru 
a slat of the door and into the front edge of the front roof board furnishes a place for the 
peg to hold the door open when the run is not in use. A brooder coop should be built so that 
the roof may be removed and the platform thoroly cleaned. 



Fig. 27. Chicken Brooder Coop and Run. 



5. 




38 



AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 39 

THREE-HORSE EVENER 

Lumber: 1 piece select hickory I|"x5"x4' 4". (If hickory is not avail- 
able, white ash may be used.) 

Hardware: 1 iron rivet j"x3|" with 2 washers. 
1 iron rivet l"x5l" with 2 washers. 

Directions 

1. Reduce stock to If"x5"x4' 4". 

2. Lay out the taper for the one-horse end by drawing a line from a 
point on the back edge of the stock 21" from the two-horse end to a point on 
the one-horse end 3^" from the front edge. 

3. Remove the stock to line with saw and plane. 

4. Lay out and cut a I" chamfer on the edges of the stock as indicated 
in the drawing. 

5. Bore I" holes for the rivets 1|" from ends and fasten rivets by 
securely riveting them. 

6. Locate points 2" from ends and 1|" from back edge of stock and bore 
f " holes for clevises. 

7. Locate a point 18" from the two-horse end and 1|" from the front 
edge, and bore a f " hole for main clevis pin. 

TWO-HORSE EVENER 

Lumber: 1 piece select hickory or ash If"x4^"x4' 0". 
Hardware: 2 iron rivets j"x3f". 

Directions 

1. Reduce stock to If"x4|"x4' 0". 

2. Lay out the taper by drawing lines across the back edge of the stock 
21" from each end and lines across both ends 3^" from the front edge and con- 
necting the lines by lines drawn on the sides of the stock. 

3. Remove the stock to line with the saw and plane. 

4. Lay out and cut a j" chamfer on the edges of the stock as indicated 
in the drawing. 

5. Bore |" holes for the rivets Ij" from ends and place rivets. 

6. Locate points 2" from ends and 1|" from back edge of stock and 
bore 9-16" holes for clevises. 

7. Locate a point 24" from either end and 1|" from the front edge and 
bore a f " hole for the main clevis pin. 

SINGLETREE 

Lumber: 1 piece of hickory or ash 2i"x2f"x2' 10". 

Directions 

1. Square up the stock to finished dimensions. 

2. Find the center at each end by drawing lines diagonally as shown 
in the detail drawing. 

3. Draw a circle at center of each end 1|" in diameter. 

4. Cut a templet of pasteboard as shown in the detail drawing and 
use in getting the singletree a perfect oval at the center. 

5. In removing the stock, bring it to a square at the end, then an octagon 
and then a circle. Remove the bulk of the stock with the saw and finish with 
the plane. The singletree may be sanded to produce a smooth finish. 




40 



AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 41 



FENCE AND GATE 

Material Required 

Lumber: 5 pieces white or yellow pine |"x6"xl6' 0". 

2 pieces white or yellow pine |"x6"xl4' 0". 

1 piece white or yellow pine |"x4"x6' 0". 

1 piece round hardwood f "x6". 

(Oregon pine or cypress may be substituted for white or yellow pine.) 

Hardware : 2 pair screw hook and strap hinges. 

26 carriage bolts f "x3". 

16 carriage bolts f"x2". 

23 6d common nails. 





Stock Bill 




'ieces. 


Finished Dimensions. 


Use.. 


4. 


f x6"xl6' 0" 


Horizontal pieces. 


6. 


|"x6"x4' 0" 


Vertical pieces. 


2. 


|"x6"x8' 3" 


Braces. 


2. 


|"x4"x20" 


Uprights for latch 


1. 


f "x4"x2' 2" 


Latch. 


2. 


|"x2"x4". 


Blocks above and below latch, 


2. 


|"x2"x6" 


Blocks above and below latch, 



1. f" round x 6" long Knob. 

Directions 

1. Reduce all pieces to finished dimensions. 

2. Fasten the vertical pieces to the horizontal pieces by placing two 
f"x3" carriage bolts at each joint. 

3. Fasten the braces to the horizontal members by using two |"x2" 
carriage bolts at places indicated in the drawing. 

4. Bore a |" hole in the center of the latch for the knob; place knob 
in position and fasten by driving a 6d nail into the upper edge of the latch 
so that the point of the nail will go into the knob. 

5. Place latch in position.} 

6. Assemble the uprights for the latch to the two middle horizontal 
pieces 8" from the front end vertical piece by driving two 6d common nails 
at each end from each side. 

7. In like manner fasten the blocks above and below the latch, as 
shown in the detail drawing, using two 6d nails from each side^ 




42 



AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 43 



BENCH. 

Material Required. 

Lumber— 1 piece white pine 13/16"xl2"x3' 0" 
1 piece white pine 13/16"x4"xl2' 0" 
1 piece white pine 13/16"x7"xl0' 0" 

Hardware — 12 flat head bright wood screws Ij" No. 8 
16 flat head bright wood screws If" No. 10 

Stock Bill. 

Pieces Finished Dimensions Use 

2 13/16"xl2"xl7" Legs 

2 13/16"x4''xl0f " Cross braces 

2 13/16"x4"x4' 8" Aprons 

2 13/16"x7"x5' 0" Top 

Directions. 

1. Reduce all pieces to finished d'mensions. 

2. Lay out the opening at the lower end of the legs and remove the 
stock with the rip saw and coping saw. 

3. Cut the openings for the aprons on each edge at the upper end of 
the legs. 

4. Bore holes with No. 5 wood twist drill and fasten the cross braces 
with five flat head bright wood screws Ij" No. 8. 

5. Bore holes with 3/16" wood twist drill; countersink the holes and 
fasten the aprons with two flat head bright wood screws If" No. 10. 

6. Bore holes in the top with 3/16" wood twist drill, countersink the 
holes and fasten top with If" No. 10 flat head bright wood screws. 







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44 



AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 45 



RABBIT TRAP. 

Material Required. 

Lumber — One piece of any kind of wood (preferably old weathered), 
I"x6"x8' 0" 

Hardware — 2 doz. 8d common nails 

4 staples (poultry netting) 

1 piece of heavy wire 18" long for trigger 

1 piece of heavy tin or galvanized iron 4"x5|" for door 

2 3d shingle nails 

Stock Bill. 

Pieces Dimensions Use 

4 I"x6"x21" Sides, top and bottom 

1 I"x4"x6" End 

Directions. 

As little planing as possible should be done so as to retain the weathered 
surface of the wood. 

1. Reduce all pieces to finished dimensions. 

2. Bend the wire for the trigger as indicated in the drawing. 

3. Nail the staples for holding the trigger to the bottom side of the top. 

4. Nail the top and bottom to the sides, using four nails for each joint. 

5. Place the trigger in position through the staples. 

6. Nail the end in place using two nails for each joint. 

7. Punch or drill holes I" from the upper edge and |" from each side 
of the tin door and fasten door in position with staples. 

8. Place the two 3d nails at places shown in the drawing for door stops 
A heavy wire door made as shown in the detail drawing may be used 

instead of the tin door. 

Old weathered lumber is preferable to new as it more closely resembles 
a hollow log. 



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46 



AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 



47 



SEED CORN CURING FRAME 

Material Required. 

Lumber — 1 piece I"x4"x8' 0" any soft wood 
Hardware — 8 flat head bright wood screws Ij" No. 7 
8 flat head bright wood screws If" No. 10 

30 ft. of No. 18 annealed wire 

48 3d fine shingle nails 





Stock Bill. 




Pieces 


Finished Dimensions 


Use 


2 


f"x4"xl2" 


Feet 


2 


|"x4"xl9r' 


Uprights 


1 


f"x4"xl4" 


Lower cross piece 


1 


|"x4"xl4i" 


Upper cross piece 



'Vi 




Fig. 28. Seed Corn Curing Frame 

Directions. 

This frame may be made larger to suit larger quantities of corn by merely 
adding to the length of uprights, cross pieces and wire. 

1. Reduce all pieces to finished dimensions. 

2. To lay out feet draw a line across both ends of stock 2" from the lower 
edge and two lines across top edge 4" from either end. Connect lines on end 
with those on edge with straight lines and remove stock with saw and plane. 

3. Cut a gain |" deep x f " wide on one side of each upright at the upper 
end for upper cross piece. 

4. Fasten uprights to feet by placing four Ij" No. 7 screws as shown 
in end view. 

5. Fasten cross pieces by placing two If" No. 10 screw; in each end of 
each piece. 

6. Place the 3d fine shingle nails 2" apart as shown in drawing. 

7. Use the phers in drawing the wire taut, beginning at A and drawing 
in direction of arrow points. 



48 



AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 



SEED CORN TREE 

Material Required. 

Lumber — 1 piece 4"x4"x6' 0" of any kind of soft wood 
1 piece 2"x6"x3' 0" of any kind of soft wood 
1 piece I"x2"x2' 6" of any kind of soft wood 

Hardware — 16 flat head bright wood screws IJ" No. 8 
1| lb. lOd finishing nails 
1 piece tin 12"xl2" 



Stock Bill. 

Pieces Finished Dimensions 

1 4"x4"x6' 0" 

2 If"x6"xl8" 

4 13/16"x2"x7" 



Use 
Tree 
Foot 
Braces 



Directions. 

1. Reduce all pieces to finished dimensions. 

2. Lay out an octagon on the upper end of the 
tree as shown in the detail drawing and then lay 
out a chamfer on each corner of the tree to within 
16" of the lower end of the tree. Remove stock 
for chamfer with plane and chisel. 

3. Shape top of tree as shown in drawing, 
removing the stock with the plane. 

4. Lay out a half lap joint for the two pieces 
for the foot; remove the stock with saw and chisel. 

5. With saw and chisel, shape the lower end 
of post as shown in detail of "post at bottom." 

6. Place the two pieces for the foot together 
and bore a 2" hole through the center for bottom 
of post. 

7. Brace the post as shown in the drawing, us- 
ing two screws at each end of each piece. 

8. Cut a square hole in the center of the tin 
mouse guard as large as the tree and strip on the 
tree to bottom of chamfer. 

9. Place nails 3" apart in a staggered position 
at about such slant as shown in drawing. 



Fig. 29. Seed Corn Tree 



AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 



49 



CHICKEN BROODER, COOP AND RUN 

Material Required 

Lumber — 1 piece soft pine, cypress, fir or basswood l"xl"xl2' 0" 
2 pieces soft pine, cypress, fir or basswood I"xl0"xl2' 0' 

Hardware — j lb. 6d common nails 
J lb 8d common nails 

30 8d finishing nails 

16 3d fine shingle nails 

16 flat head bright wood screws IJ" No. 9 

27 flat head bright wood screws |" No. 6 
1 piece of fine screen 6"xll" 
1 piece of fine screen 10^"xl2" 
1 piece of 1" mesh chicken wire 13"x3' 9" 
1 piece of 1" mesh chicken wire 13"x5' 0" 

1 piece of 2" mesh chicken wire 27"x5' 0" 

2 gate hooks and eyes 

1 piece heavy tin ll"xl4^" 

1 piece heavy tin or galvanized iron ll"xl6j" 

1 piece heavy wire 16" 

J lb. I" galvanized poultiy netting staples 





Stock 


Bill 


ieces 


Finished Dimensions 


Use 


3 


I"x8"x30" 


Bottom 


2 


f"x2"x24" 


Bottom cleats 


4 


f"xll"x2' 7|" 


Side of coop 


2 


f"x8"x24" 


Rear end of coop 


2 


I"x7"x22" 


Front end of coop 


1 


f"x2"x24" 


Cleat inside of front at top 


2 


f"xl"xlO" 


Front of coop 


2 


|"xlO"x3' i'' 


Top of coop 


1 


f"x9r'x3' i" 


Top of coop 


2 


|"x2"x24" 


Cleats for top 


2 


f"xli"x3' i" 


Battens for top 


1 


f"x5r'x29" 


Rain shield at front 


4 


f "x2"x5' 6" 


Sides of run 


2 


f"x2"xl6" 


Corner posts of run 


2 


f"x2"x25^" 


End of run 


1 


f"x2"xl2i" 


Cross brace inside of run 


2 


f"xl"xll" 


Top and bottom of side door 


2 


f"xl"xlli" 


Ends of side door 


2 


f"x2"x27" 


Straps for door at end of run 


4 


|"xli"x8f" 


Straps at end of gates 


7 


f"xlf"xl7" 


Uprights for doors 


1 


t"xf"x2" 


Door button 



Directions 

1. Reduce all pieces to finished dimen.sions and label each piece. 

2. Fasten the bottom cleats to the bottom by driving three 6d common nails at each 
joint. The nails should be driven at a slant so as not to come through. 

3. Assemble top in same way as bottom. 




50 



AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 



51 



4. Nail the battens over the joints on top of the coop with 3d fine shingle nails. 
' 5. Nail the sides to the ends of the box by using four 8d common nails at each side of 
the back end and five 8d common nails at each side of the front end. 

6. Fasten the two main front pieces by naihng to them the |"x2"x24" cleat on the in- 
side at the top. Cut gains l"wide and J" deep, 6" from the top on the inside edges of the main 
front pieces. 

7. Fasten the two pieces in position indicated in the drawing by toenailing them to the 
two main front pieces and fasten the 6"xll" fine screen with poultry netting staples. 

8. Assemble the side door by using two 8d finishing nails to hold the butt joint at each 
corner. 

9. Fasten the 105"xl2" piece of fine screen to the side door with poultry netting staples. 

10. Cut the head from an 8d finishing nail and cut it into two equal pieces for pivots 
for the side door. Drill holes for the pivots in the door and sides of run as indicated in the 
drawing and place pivots in the door. 

11. Cut gains j" deep in one edge of two pieces for sides of run 18" from one end for 
cross brace and fasten in place with two 8d finishing nails at each end. 

12. Cut gains at both ends of corner posts ^" deep x 2" wide as shown in detail of cor- 
ner and fasten corners of coop by placing four 8d finishing nails as shown in detail. 

13. Fasten run to coop by driving four 1|" No. 9 fiat head bright wood screws through 
each side of run into the coop. 

14 Bore hole through the center of the door button and fasten in place with one f" 
No. 6 screw. 

15. Cut the ll"xl45" piece of heavy tin to the pattern shown in front of coop, drill a 
hole for screw in each flange, bend flange and place door in position with two f " No. 6 screws. 

16. Bore |" holes in ll"xl6^" piece of sheet metal for ventilation, fold one end over the 
heavy wire as shown in detail drawing and fasten over front of main door with one staple 
at each end. 

17. Fasten the straps to the pieces for the end gates by using two |" No. 6 screws at each 
joint. 

18. Cut grooves f" deep and If" wide in the straps for doors at end of run to receive 
the end gates. 

19. Place gates in position and nail straps to end of run with two nails at each joint. 

20. Fasten the chicken wire to sides and top of coop. 

21. Fasten the rain shield in position shown in drawing by driving two 6d common 
nails into each main piece at front of coop. 

22. Paint the coop and run if desired. 




Fig. 30. Chicken Brooder, Coop and Run. 




52 



AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 53 

KITCHEN STOOL 

Material Required. 

Lumber — 1 piece of oak, maple, basswood or white pine I"x9"x9" 

1 piece of oak, maple, basswood or white pine l"x6J"x24" 

Hardware — 12 flat head bright wood screws 2j" No. 12 

Stock BiU. 

Pieces Finished Dimensions Use 

1 13/16"x9"x9" Top 
4 13/16"xl3/16"x23|" Legs 

2 13/16"xl3/16"xlO" Braces 
2 13/16"xl3/16"x8|" Braces 

Directions. 

1. Reduce stock to finished dimensions. 

2. Lay out and cut a |" chamfer on upper edges of top. 

3. Set the T-bevel by using the figures 12 and 2i on the steel square and lay out 
and cut the beveled ends of both legs and braces. 

4. Find the centers of ends of braces and upper ends of legs by drawing lines diagonally 
across the ends and bore a hole about f" deep with No. 5/32 twist drill. 

5. Locate points on top board at each corner 1^" from each edge. 

6. At points just located bore holes with No. 7 twist drill. Use the T-bevel as set 
for the bevel cuts of legs to guide the bit at the same angle that the legs are to assume. 

7. Bore holes with No. 7 twist drill for all braces; two braces to be placed 9" and two 
13" from the bottom of the stool. 

8. Countersink all screw holes and place screws. 

9. The stool may be finished with two coats of shellac or interior paint. 



CLOTHES LINE REEL 

Material Required. 

Lumber — 1 piece basswood, white pine, gumwood, redwood, oak or maple I"x6"xl4" 
Hardware — 2 carriage bolts 5"x4j" with three washers each. 

Stock Bill. 

Pieces Finished Dimensions Use 

1 f"x6"xl4" Reel 

2 f " round x 2f " long Handles 

Directions. 

1. Reduce reel to finished dimensions. 

2. Draw a centerline lengthwise of stock on both sides. 

3. On centerline at each end of stock swing an arc with a 1|" radius so that edge of 
arc is 3|" from end of stock. 

4. Draw lines across ends |" from edge and from these points draw lines tangent 
to the arcs. 

5. Remove the stock at ends with rip saw and turning saw or coping saw. 

6. Round the corners as shown in the di-awing with the chisel. 

7. From the stock taken from ends square up two pieces f"xf"x2f" for handle. 

8. Bore a {" hole through center of both pieces lengthwise. 

9. Round the handle by laying out an octagon at each end, cutting the stock octagonal 
in shape with the plane and then removing the edges until stock is round. 

10. On a hne drawn across the stock 6" from one end lay out a f" square 1" from one 
edge and remove the stock with a f" bit and chisel. 

11. Bore a I" hole in edge of stock to meet the center of the square hole. 

12. Bore a I" hole in opposite edge 1" from the 8" end. 

13. Placekandles in position, using one washer at the head of the bolt, one between 
handle and reel and one next to the nut. 

14. Mar the thread on the bolt slightly to prevent the nut from coming off. 

15. Bore a 5/16" hole through the reel 1|" from one edge and 4" from one end and 
cut an opening to hold the end of the clotheshne. 




54 



AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 



55 



STEP LADDER 

Material Required. 

Lumber — 1 piece of white or Norway pine I"x8"xl0' 0" 
Hardware — 18 flat head bright wood screws 2" No. 10 

4 flat head bright wood screws 2^" No. 10 

4 round head bkied wood screws |" No. 6 

2, 2"x2" steel box hinges 

1 piece leather or canvas strap 21" long 





Stock Bill. 




Pieces 


Finished Dimensions 


Use 


2 


f"x3i"x2' 9" 


Front Standards 


2 


r'x2"x2' 6i" 


Back Standards 


3 


f"x4f"xl4f" 


Steps 


1 


f"x5|"xl8" 


Top 


1 


r'x2"xl6" 


Top Brace 


1 


|"x2"xl3" 


Bottom Brace 



Directions. 

1. Reduce all pieces to finished dimensions. 

2. Set the T-bevel at an angle obtained by using 14f " on the beam and 6" on the blade 
of the steel square and lay out the bevel cuts at both ends of the front standards and remove 
stock to line. - 

3. With T-bevel set as for the standards lay out the cuts for the steps. Saw grooves 
I" deep for the steps and remove stock with chisel. 

4. Bevel the upper edge of the top brace with the T-bevel set as for the steps. 

5. With the T-bevel set at an angle obtained by using 13|" on the beam and 6" on the 
blade of the steel square, bevel the lower ends of the back standards. 

6. Lay out the gain for the bottom brace on the inside edges of the back standards |" 
deep and 2" wide, 5" from the lower ends of the standards and fasten brace in place using 
two 21" screws at each end. 

7. Bevel both edges of the steps ' ] 
at the same bevel as used for the ends 
of the front standards. 

8. Fasten the steps by placing two 
2" No. 10 flat head screws in each end 
of each step. 

9. Fasten the top to the front 
standards, placing two 2" No. 10 flat 
head screws through the top into 
each standard. Place screws as 
shown in drawing. Fasten the top 
brace to the top and front standards 
by driving two 2" No. 10 flat head 
bright wood screws through the top 
brace at each end into the standard. 

11. Fasten the back standards by 
placing the hinges as indicated in the 
drawing. 

12. Fasten the leather or canvas 
strap to the lower side of the bottom 
step and the upper edge of the bottom 
brace by using two f " No. 6 round head 
blued wood screws at each end. 

13. Paint the ladder if desired. Fig. 31. Ladder. 





(0 $ 



56 



AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 57 

SWINGING FARM GATE 

Material Required. 

Lumber — 1 piece white or yellow pine, fir or cj^press I"x6"xl8' 0" 
5 pieces white or yellow pine, fir or cypress I"x6"xl6' 0" 
2 pieces white or yellow pine, fir or cypress I"x6"xl2' 0" 
1 piece white or yellow pine, fir or cypress I"x4"x7' 4" 
1 piece hardwood f " round x 6" long 

Hardware — 25 carriage bolts |"x3" 
4 carriage bolts |"x2|" 
2 pair screw hook and strap hinges 
25 6d nails 

Stock Bill. 



Pieces 


Finished Dimensions 


Use 


1 


|"x6"xl7' 6" 


Long arm 


4 


|"x6"xl6' 0" 


Horizontal pieces 


2 


|"x6"x8' 0" 


End uprights 


2 


|"x6"x4' 0" 


End uprights 


1 


|"x6"x4' 0" 


Middle upright 


1 


|"x6"x3' 9" 


Middle upright 


1 


|"x6"x8' lY' 


Brace 


1 


f"x4"x26" 


Latch 


2 


|"x4"x20" 


Uprights for latch 


2 


f'xl 15/16"x4" 


Blocks above and 
below latch 


2 


|"xl 15/16"x6" 


Blocks above and 
below latch 


1 


I" round x 6" long 
Directions. 


Knob 



L Reduce all pieces to finished dimensions. 

2. Fasten the vertical pieces to the horizontal pieces by placing two 
|"x3" carriage bolts at each joint. 

3. Fasten the long arm and the braces to the horizontal by placing the 
|"x2J" carriage bolts as indicated in the drawing. 

4. Bore a |" hole through the center of the latch for the knob; place 
knob in position and fasten by driving a 6d nail into the upper edge of the 
latch so that the point of the nail will go into the latch. 

5. Place latch in position and fasten the uprights for the latch to the two 
middle horizontal pieces 8" from the front end vertical piece by driving two 
6d common nails at each end from each side. 

6. In like manner fasten the blocks above and below the latch, as in- 
dicated in the detail drawing using two 6d nails from each side. 



I 

I 




58 



AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 59 



TRAP NEST 

Material Required. 

Lumber — 2 pieces white pine, cypress, fir or redwood I"xl0"xl4' 0" 
1 piece white pine, cypress, fir or redwood f"xll"x24" 

Hardware — 1 piece iron 5"x5"x6" 

1 iron rod j"x30" 

5 lb. 6d common nails 
§ lb. 8d common nails 
4 round head blued wood screws f " No. 7 for angle irons 

2 round head blued wood screws Ij" No. 10 for triggers 



Pieces 
2 
2 
1 
1 
6 
2 
2 
1 
4 
2 
2 

Directions. 

1. Reduce all pieces to finished dimensions. 

2. Fasten the ends and partition to the floor by driving three 8d common nails through 
the floor into each board. 

3. Nail the front in place using two 6d common nails at each joint. 

4. Fasten the sills to the bottom with four 8d nails for each sill. The nails should be 
driven through the floor and into the ends. 

5. Use two 6d nails to fasten the step. The nails may be placed at a slant so as not to 
come through and require clinching. 

6. Nail the back boards in the same manner as the floor. 

7. Nail the top boards in place using two 8d nails at each joint. 

8. Fasten the side straps by driving one 6d nail through each top board at the end and 
two 6d nails into each end board. Place nails which go into the end boards at a slant. 

9. Locate points on end boards and partition |" from top and 1" from front and bore 
I" hole for rod. 

10. Drill holes in angle iron and bend as shown in detail drawing and fasten to top of 
doors with two round head blued wood screws f" No. 7. 

11. Make triggers to dimensions shown in detail drawing and place in position shown 
in side view using Ij" No. 10 round head blued wood screws. 

12. Place nails to prevent door from swinging forward. 



Stock Bill. 




ished Dimensions 


Use 


f"x3"x24i" 


Sills 


I"x9f"x26i" 


Floor 


i"x4"x26i" 


Step 


f"x4"x26i" 


Front 


f"x9"xl6" 


Ends and Partition 


f"x8"x26i" 


Back 


f"xli"xl8|" 


Side straps 


|"xU"x26|" 


Front at top 


f"x3"x27f" 


Top 


|"x8|"xlli" 


Doors 


r'xir'x6f" 


Triggers 




60 



AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 



61 



Lumber- 



HIVE SEAT AND TOOL BOX 

Material Required. 

— 1 piece white pine 13/16"xl2"x3' 4" 
1 piece white pine |"xll"x22" 
1 piece white pine i"x6"x6' 0" 



[ardware- 


- 6 flat head bright wood screws 


1 a 

i 4 


" No. 10 






34 flat head bright wood screws 


1" 


No. 8 






12 6d finishing nails 










Stock Bill. 








'ieces 


Finished Dimensions 






Use 


2 


f"xll"xl3i" 






Legs 


1 


f"xll"xl2" 






Top 


1 


i"xll"xlO|" 






Bottom 


2 


i"x6"x24" 






Sides 


2 


|"x4|"xll" 






Ends 


2 


i"x5|"xll" 






Bottom 



Directions. 

1. Reduce all pieces to finished dimensions. 

2. Lay out the opening at the lower end of the legs and remove the stock with rip saw 
and coping saw. 

3. To lay out the opening in the side draw a center line lengthwise and crosswise of the 
stock, locate points on long centerline I5" from center and swing arcs with li" radius. Draw 
lines tangent to the arcs. Bore a hole with a bit inside of the circle so that the outside of 
the hole touches the circle; place a coping saw in the hole and remove the stock. 

4. Lay out the upper edge at the ends of the side pieces as shown in the drawing and 
remove the stock with the plane. 

5. To lay out the hand opening in the top draw two parallel lines lengthwise of the 
stock one inch on either side of the center. Draw a centerline across the stock and locate 
points on parallel lines 21" from the center. 

6. Bore 1" holes at points just located and also 
remove the stock between holes with 1" bit. 

7. Finish cutting the opening with f" chisel. 

8. Lay out a |" chamfer on both sides of the 
stock at the edge of the openings. 

9. Cut chamfers with chisel. 

10. Assemble the parts in the following order: 
top to legs, sides to legs, bottom at center, ends, 
bottom at ends. 

11. Place screws as indicated in the drawing 
using If" flat head bright wood screws at the top 
and 1" No. 8 screws at the other places. 

12. Fasten the bottom of the center by driving 
three 6d finishing nails thru the leg and into the 
end of the bottom piece. 

13. Fasten the inside end of the bottom at 
end by toenailing. 







Fig. 32. Hive .Sc; 




-^ 




62 



AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 63 

LADDER 

Material Required. 

Lumber — 2 pieces ash or yellow pine 2"x4"xl6' 0" 

2 pieces ash or yellow pine |"x2j"xl4' 0" 
Hardware — 64 flat head bright wood screws 2" No. 12 
Stock Bill. 
Pieces Finished Dimensions Use 

2 lf"x3|" at foot and 2^" at top x 16' 0" Stringers 

16 |"x2j" X length of various rungs Rungs 

Directions. 

1. Taper the stringers to 2^" at the upper ends, using one stringer as a straight edge 
for laying out the taper on the other. 

2. Place stringers on the floor or bench in the position which they are to assume when 
assembled, place lower rung in position and set the T-bevel for laying out the gains for the 
rungs. 

3. Lay out and cut gains f" deep and as wide as the rungs 11§" apart. Several saw 
kerfs at each joint makes it easier to remove the stock than if only two were used, one at each 
edge of the gain. 

4. Cut rungs to length. 

5. Bore and countersink holes for two 2" No. 12 screws at each joint and fasten rungs 
in place. The holes should be countersunk deep enough so that the heads of the screws will 
be slightly below the surface of the wood. 

FRUIT LADDER 

Material Required. 

Lumber — 2 pieces ash or yellow pine 2"x4"xl4' 0" 
1 piece ash or yellow pine 2"x25"x2' 4" 

1 piece ash or yellow pine |"x2|"x3' 4" 

2 pieces ash or yellow pine |"x2j"x8' 0" 
1 piece ash or yellow pine |"x2"x3' 0" 

Hardware — 44 flat head bright wood screws 2" No. 12 

3, i" carriage bolts, 1— 5i", 1— 5f ", 1— 6J" 
Stock Bill. 
Pieces Finished Dimensions Use 

2 l|"x3f" at foot and 2 J" at top x 14' 0" Stringers 
1 If"x2i"x2' 4" Top 

1 i"x2i"x3' 4" Bottom Rung 

7 |"x2J" X length of various middle rungs Middle Rungs 

3 |"x2" X length of 3 top rungs Top rungs 

Directions. 

1. Taper the stringers to 2^" at the upper ends. 

2. Draw a line around top piece 12" from bottom end and from this line lay out a taper 
so that upper end of stock will be 1" thick x 2" wide. 

3. Place the stringers on the floor or bench in the position which they are to assume 
when finished and lay out the bevel at the inside of the upper ends so as to fit snugly against 
the top. Remove the stock with a rip saw. 

4. Place the bottom rung in position and set the T-bevel for laying out the gains in 
top of stringers. 

5. Mark positions for gains in top of stringers and cut gains f " deep and as wide as the 
rungs. 

6. Place top in position and bore three J" holes in position shown in drawing and bolt 
top in place. 

7. Cut bottom rung to length and fasten with two 2" No. 12 screws at each end. 

8. Cut all other rungs to length and fasten same as bottom rung. 




64 



Stock Bill. 




Finished Dimensions 




13/16"x9"xl2" 


Ends 


i"x5|"x2' 7" 


Bottom 


i"x6|"x2' 7" 


Sides 


\\" round x 2' 4|" 


Handle 


Directions. 





AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 65 

CARPENTER'S TOOL BOX 

Material Required. 

Lumber — 1 piece white pine or poplar I"x9"x24" 
1 piece white pine or poplar ^"x7"x5' 2" 
1 piece white pine or poplar |"x6"x2' 7" 
1 piece ash, maple or oak 1|" round x 2' 6" 

Hardware — 2 flat head bright wood screws 2" No. 14 
30 8d finishing nails 



Pieces Finished Dimensions Use 

2 
1 
2 
1 



1. Reduce all pieces to finished dimensions. 

2. Draw a centerline lengthwise of both end pieces. 

3. On centerline just drawn swing an arc with a l\" radius, 1|" from 
upper end. 

4. Draw lines across both edges 6" from end and connect points with 
lines drawn tangent to arc. 

5. Draw two lines across lower end 2|" from center and connect points 
with lines on edge of stock. 

6. Remove stock to line with saw and plane, rounding the upper end 
with chisel. 

7. At a point on centerhne \\" from upper end bore a l\" hole \" deep 
on one side of each end piece for end of handle. 

8. Bevel both edges of the bottom and the lower edge of both sides at 
the same angle as has been established at bottom and side of end pieces. 

9. Round the upper edges of sides and ends of side pieces as indicated 
in the drawing. 

10. Bore a \" hole through each end piece at same point as 1|" hole and 
countersink hole on outside for head of screw. 

11. Place handle in position, bore a hole in each end for screw and place 
screws. 

12. Fasten bottom to ends using three 8d finishing nails at each end. 

13. Fasten sides by using three nails at each end and six at the bottom. 




66 



AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 



67 



TWO-MAN WEIGHT CARRIER 

Material Required. 

Lumber — 1 piece of oak, maple, birch or other hard wood, 2"x8"x8' 0' 
1 piece of ^" maple doweling 34" long 



Pieces 
2 

4 



Stock Bill. 

Finished Dimensions 
If "x4"x4' 0" 
If"x2i"x24" 



Use 
Arms 
Cross pieces 




Fig. 33. Two-Man Weight Carrier. 

Directions. 

1. Reduce all pieces to finished dimensions. 

2. To lay out handle draw a line across edge of arm 12" from end and 
from this line draw a 45° line on both sides of stock to meet line drawn length- 
wise of stock If" from the upper edge. Remove the stock to line with a rip saw. 

3. Lay out an octagon on end of arm using the method shown in detail 
drawing and remove the stock for chamfers with chisel, mallet and drawknife. 
The handles may be rounded by removing edges with plane and chisel if so 
desired. 

4. Lay out mortises on both sides of arms for tenons at ends of cross 
pieces, mortises to be l"x2|" with top of mortise 1|" from upper edge of arms, 
mortises to be spaced as shown in top view. 

5. Draw a centerline lengthwise of mortises and remove stock with a 
1" bit, chisel and mallet. 

6. Lay out and cut tenons at ends of cross pieces to measurements shown 
in detail drawing and cut a |" chamfer at end of tenon. 

7. Assemble the carrier, draw joints up tight and bore ^" holes for dowels 
through arms and center of tenons. 

8. Place dowels in position. 




68 



AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 



69 



SAW HORSE 
Material Required. 

Lumber — 1 piece white or yellow pine If"x6"x3' 0" 

1 piece white or yellow pine 13/16"x4"x8' 0" 
1 piece white or yellow pine 13/16"x6"x20" 

Hardware — 24 flat head bright wood screws If" No. 10 



Stock Bill. 

Pieces Finished Dimensions 

1 If'xSr'xB' 0" 

4 13/16"x3f"x25i" 

2 13/16"x5|"xl0" 



Use 
Top 
Legs 
Braces 




Fig. 34. Saw Horse in Use. 

Directions. 

1. Reduce all pieces to finished dimensions. 

2. Lay out the bevels at the ends of the legs with the T-bevel and re- 
move stock to line with saw. 

3. Bevel the edges of the legs at the angle shown in the detail drawing. 

4. Lay out and cut openings in the top for the legs ^" deep at the top 
with the T-bevel set at the same angle as for the ends of the legs. 

5. Lay out and cut the bevels at the ends of the braces. 

6. Bevel the edges of the braces so that they fit tightly against the top. 

7. Assemble the parts by placing the screws as indicated in the drawing. 




70 



AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 



71 



LAWN OR PORCH SEAT 

Material Required. 

Lumber — 1 piece basswood or white pine 13/16"x8"x8' 0' 
1 piece basswood or white pine |"xl0"xl4' 0" 

Hardware — 30 round head blued screws 1|" No. 9 

46 flat head bright wood screws Ij" No. 8 





Stock Bill. 






Pieces 


Finished Dimensions 




Use 


2 


13/16"x2|" tapered to U" 


xl9" 


Back Legs 


2 


13/16"x2i" tapered to 1|" 


xl9" 


Front Legs 


2 


13/16"x4"xl9" 




Seat Supports 


2 


13/16"x2"x2' 8" 




Back 


2 


i"x2"x36r' 




Braces 


23 


i"xl"x3' 6" 




Seat and Back Strips 



Directions. 

1. Reduce all pieces to finished dimensions. 

2. Taper the legs from 2h" at the upper ends to 1^' at the lower ends 
and remove stock to line with the plane. 

3. Lay out the bevel cut for the ends and remove stock with the saw. 

4. Lay out the curve for the seat supports and the upper end of the back 
freehand and remove the stock with the drawknife. 

5. Place the back legs on the bench in the position which they are to 
assume when the bench is assembled and mark the openings for the braces 
by placing them in the position indicated in the drawing. Also mark the 
pieces for the half lap joint where they ^ 
cross each other. In making the 

gains make saw kerfs about I" apart mm " 

to the depth of the opening and iH^ ^^•<*'-'" -^.v^/ 

remove the stock with a wide chisel. 

6. Assemble the seat in the fol- 
lowing order: seat supports to back, 
front legs to seat supports, back legs 
to seat supports, braces, then seat 
and back strips. Five 1|" No. 9 
round head blued screws should be 
used at each joint of legs and back; 
one flat head bright wood screw Ij" 
No. 8 at each end of the braces and 
strips. 




Fig. So. Lawu or Puroh Seat. 




72 



AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 73 

DAILY MILK RECORD SHEET CASE 

The ordinary way of keeping a milk record sheet is that of tacking it to a wall in the 
barn and making the record at milking time. The result is a soiled sheet which must be 
recopied before it can be put on file. 

The purpose of the daily milk record sheet case is to provide a place for keeping the 
record sheet clean as the record is made and hence dispensing with recopying for a permanent 
record and also to reduce the possibiUty of error to a minimum. 

Material Required. 
Lumber — 1 piece of any soft wood I"x8"xl8" 
1 piece of any soft wood |"x6"x4' 0" 
1 piece of any soft wood |"x7"x3' 0" 
Hardware— 1 piece tin, IC, 17i"xl6i" 

1 J" rod 20" long 
6 i" washers 

2 i"nuts 

1 I" thumb nut 

3 8d finishing nails 
42 4d finishing nails 

24 I" No. 17 lining nails 
9 thumb tacks 
Stock Bill. 

Pieces Finished Dimensions Use 

3 f"x5|" diameter Cyhnder 

1 i"x7"xl7f" Bottom 

2 |"x5|"x6" Ends 
2 ^"x5r'xl7f" Sides 
2 |"x3 3/16"xl7f" Top 

1 f"xl"xl6|" Brace 

Directions. 

1. With band saw, turning saw or coping saw, saw out the Sf" cyhnders. 

2. Reduce all other pieces to dimensions. 

3. Bore j" holes through center of cylinders. 

4. Lay out opening for brace in cyhnders |" deep and 1" wide and remove stock with 
handy saw and coping saw. 

5. Thread 2f" of one end of the rod and bend 1" of opposite end at a right angle. 

6. Place ends of box, washers, nuts and cyhnders on rods as indicated in the drawing. 

7. Bend J" of one of the 16i" edges of the tin as shown in the detail drawing, clamp 
tin at X with the brace and fasten brace in position with one 8d finishing nail in each cyhnder. 

8. Fasten tin to cylinders with lining nails spaced about 3" apart and nail end of tin to 
brace. 

9. Nail sides of box to ends, using three 4d finishing nails at each joint. 

10. Nail bottom of box to sides and ends. 

11. Lay out a 2" bevel on top pieces as indicated in end view of drawing and remove 
stock with plane. 

12. Nail top pieces in place. 

13.- Fasten one end of daily record sheet to brace with three thumb tacks, loosen the 
thumb nut and with other end of rod as a crank turn cyhnder one revolution and fasten other 
end of sheet with two thumb tacks, lock cyhnder in place with thumb nut. 

14. Write the names of cows on a sheet of paper similar to the headings on the record 
sheet and fasten in position indicated in the drawing with two thumb tacks. A piece of 
scrap paper should be fastened to the top at front with two thumb tacks so as to keep the 
top of box clean. 



74 



AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 







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75 



76 AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 

OATS SPROUTER 

Material Required. 

Lumber — 1 piece 2"x4"xl0' 0" white pine, cypress, fir 

1 piece 2"x4"xl2' 0" white pine, cypress, fir 

2 pieces I'''x8"xl2' 0" white pine, cypress, fir 
2 pieces ^"x8"xl2' 0" white pine, cypress, fir 

Hardware — 16 flat head bright wood screws 3" No. 14 
16 flat head bright wood screws 1|" No. 9 
30 flat head bright wood screws 1^" No. 7 
1 lb. 6d common nails 





Stock Bill. 




Pieces 


Dimensions 


Use 


4 


If "x3ix4' 0" 


Posts 


4 


If"x3r'xl6f" 


Cross bars 


4 


f"x3i"x7" 


Lower braces 


4 


f"x3r'x3" 


Upper braces 


10 


f "xf "x2' 3" 


Rests for flats 


10 


|"xli"x20" 


Guides for flats 


10 


f "x3"x2' 3" 


Sides of flats 


10 


f"x3"xl6" 


Ends of flats 



10 i"x7i"x2' U" Bottoms of flats 

Directions. 

1. Reduce all pieces to finished dimensions. 

2. Cut tw^o gains across one side of each post If" wide, j" deep; one at 
the top end and the other 6|" from the lower end. 

3. Bore and countersink holes for the 3" No. 14 screws and assemble 
the framework, placing two screws at each joint. 

4. Mitre the ends of the braces at a 45° angle, bore and countersink holes 
for screws and fasten braces in place. Use a square in assembling the frame- 
work and make the corners square. An angle of 45° may be obtained by using 
any two equal figures on the steel square, one on the beam and the other on 
the blade. 



AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 



77 



5. Fasten the rests for flats by using two 6d common nails at each end 
of each piece. 

6. Fasten the guides to the rests by placing three IJ" No. 7 screws in 
each piece as indicated in the drawing. 

7. Assemble the flats by driving three 6d common nails through each 
end of each side piece, four nails through the end piece into the bottom, 
and five nails through each side into the bottom; spaced as in detail of flat. 

8. A space of I" should be left between the two pieces for the bottom and 
I" holes bored as shown in the drawing, to permit proper drainage. 



^^' 





Fig. 36. Oats Sprouter. 




78 



AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 79 

FRUIT LADDER 

Material Required. 

Lumber — 2 pieces white or Norway pine 13/16"x4"x8' 0" 

1 piece white or Norway pine 13/16"x8|"xl2' 0" 
Hardware — 3| doz. flat head bright wood screws 1^" No. 9 
1 |"x26|" rod with washers 





1 |"xl4" rod with washers 






1 j"xl3" rod with washers 






Stock Bill. 




Pieces 


Finished Dimensions 


Use 


2 


13/16"x4"x4' 2" 


Standards 


2 


13/16"x3" tapered to 2i"x5' 2" 


Back standards 


1 


13/16"x8i"xl5" 


Top 


2 


13/16"x2i"x9" 


Upper rod braces 


2 


13/16"x2i"x8" 


Cleats 


1 


13/16"x5"x24f" 


Bottom step 


4 


13/16"x5"xl0f" 


Steps 


2 


13/16"x4"x2' 8" 


Braces 



Directions. 

1. Reduce all pieces to finished dimensions. 

2. Set the T-bevel for the end cuts of the main standards by placing it 
on the drawing or by using 2 and 6^ on the steel square. Lay out the end 
cuts of standards and braces and remove the stock. 

3. With the T-bevel set at the same angle as for the end cuts, lay out 
the dado is" deep in the braces and standards for each end of each step. 

4. Draw a centerline at the upper end of the front standards, and from a 
point on centerline 1^" from the end swing an arc and remove stock to the arc. 

5. With the T-bevel set as for the standards bevel the edges of the steps 
and the ends of the bottom step. 

6. With the T-bevel set as for the standards lay out the ends of cleats 
and remove the stock with the saw. 

7. Lay out the lower end of the front standard with the T-bevel and 
remove the stock with the saw. 

8. Lay out the slant at the lower end of the upper rod braces and re- 
move the stock with the saw. 

9. Fasten the bottom step to the lower end of the standards by using 
two 1^" No. 9 screws at each joint. 

10. Fasten the other four steps in similar manner. 

IL Fasten cleats and upper rod braces by placing screws as shown in 
the drawing. 

12. Use 6 screws for the top, driving them into the cleat. 

13. The heads of the rods may be bent at a right angle at |" from the end 
if rods of this length with heads are not available. A washer should be used 
at each end. 




^y- ^ 



80 



AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 81 

WAGON BOX 

Material Required. 

Lumber — 2 pieces poplar or basswood 2"x4"xl0' 0" 
2 pieces poplar or basswood I"xl2"xl2' 0" 
4 pieces poplar or basswood I"x9"xl2' 0" 
1 piece poplar or basswood l"xll"x6' 0" 
1 piece poplar or basswood I"xl0"xl0' 0" 
Hardware — 8 wagon box strap bolts 
8 wagon box side braces 
2 wagon box rods 
2 dash braces 
2 rub irons 
36 carriage bolts f "x3|" for floor and running boards. 

8 carriage bolts |"x2^" for floor 
24 carriage bolts f "x2|" for side and end cleats. 
38 carriage bolts J"xl^" for strap bolts, side braces and rub irons 
4 carriage bolts \"x2\" for dash braces 
2 carriage bolts J"x2" for dash braces 

Stock Bill. 

Pieces Finished Dimensions Use 

4 2"x 4"x 4' 2" Cross sills 

2 l"x 3"x 3' 2" Cross sills 

2 I"xl2"xl2' 0" Sides 

2 l"xll"x 3' 0" End gates 

4 l"x 9"xl2' 0" Floor 

2 l"x 3"x 3' 0" Running boards 

1 l"x 8"x 3' 2" Dash board 

12 l"x 2"xll" End and sideboard cleats 

Directions. 

1. Reduce all pieces to finished dimensions. 

2. Fasten floor to cross sills by using eight f "x3|" carriage bolts for each 
board, two through each sill. All nuts should be locked by slightly marring 
the thread with a cold chisel. 

3. Fasten wagon box trap bolts in place on side boards and bolt in place 
through cross sills. 

4. Bolt running boards in place, using one f "x3|" carriage bolt at each 
end of each board, through the cross sills. 

5. Fasten wagon box side braces in positions indicated in the drawing. 

6. Fasten rub irons in place at edges of box. 

7. Fasten cleats to side boards and rear end gate by using two f"x2^" 
carriage bolts for each cleat. 

8. Bevel the lower edge of the dash board and fasten to front end gate 
by bolting dash braces in place. The two bolts which hold the lower ends 
of the dash braces should pass through the end gate cleats. 

9. Fasten the rear axle cross rests in place, using one f"x2^" carriage 
bolt for each board through each rest. 



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82 



AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 



83 



FLAT HAY RACK 

Material Required. 

Lumber — 2 pieces yellow pine 2"x8"xl6' 0" 
3 pieces yellow pine 2"x4"xl4' 0" 
3 pieces yeUow pine 2"x4"xl2' 0" 
2 pieces yellow pine 2"x4"xl6' 0" 

1 piece yellow pine 2"x4"x8' 0" 

2 pieces yeUov/ pine 2"x6"xl4' 0" 
1 piece yellow pine 2"x2"x3' 0" 

1 piece yellow pine I"x6"xl4' 0" 
13 pieces yellow pine flooring 13/16"x6"xl6' 0" 
Hardware — 8 hayrack clamps 16J" long 
14 carriage bolts |"x6i" 
1 lb. lOd common nails 
4 pieces strap iron |"xl"x7" 
1 quart of outside paint 





Stock BiU. 




'ieces 


Finished Dimensions 


Use 


2 


2"x8"xl6' 0" 


Sills 


1 


2"x4"x3' 11" 


Cross tie 


1 


2"x4"x3' 6" 


Cross tie 


1 


2"x4"x3' 0" 


Cross tie 


1 


2"x4"x2' 1" 


Cross tie 


4 


2"x6"x7' 0" 


Arms 


3 


2"x4"x7' 0" 


Arms 


6 


2"x2"x0' 6" 


Arm rests 


2 


2"x4"x7' 6" 


Front standard 


2 


2"x4"x6' 6" 


Rear standard 


3 


2"x4"x0' 21" 


Front standard 


2 


2"x4"x3' 3" 


Rear standard 


2 


2"x4"xl6' 0" 


Side supports 


4 


13/16"x6"x3' 2" 


Platform cleats 


13 


I"x6"xl6' 0" 


Floor 



Directions. 

1. Reduce all pieces to finished dimensions. 

2. Bore holes through main sills and cross ties for hay rack clamps and fasten the 2"x6" 
arms in place. If patented clamps are used holes need not be bored through the siUs, as they 
straddle the sills. Clamps may be made of |" round iron. 

3. Nail the clamp rests in place half way between the 2"x6" arms. 

4. Place side supports in position at the ends of the cross sills, bore |" holes and place one 
I" carriage bolt through each end of each arm. 

5. The platform is made in two sections, half of the floor boards being fastened together 
for one section and half for the other. Fasten the floor boards to the platform cleats by using 
two lOd common nails for each end of each board. 

6. Mortise the cross members of both front and rear standards to the uprights of the 
standai-ds, in positions indicated in the drawing, and fasten with dowels or screws. 

7. Cut a shoulder at the lower ends of the standards so that the standards will rest on 
the front and rear cross sills. 

8. Fasten a piece of strap iron to the lower edge of the main stringers and the inside edge 
of the front and rear cross siUs as shown in the detail drawing for the lower end of the standard 
to drop into. 

9. Cut openings through the floor for the standards. 

10. Paint the hayrack. 




84 



AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 



85 



CARPENTER'S WORK BENCH 



Lumber — 1 piece 2"xl0"xl0' 0" maple 

1 piece 2"x8"x2' 8" maple 

2 pieces 2"xlO"xlO' 0" select white pine 
1 piece 2"x4"xl6' 0" select white pine 

1 piece 2"x4"x3' 0" maple 

1 piece 2"x6"xl0' 0" No. 1 white pine 

3 pieces I"xl0"xl0' 0" No. 1 white pine 
1 piece i"x8"xl2' 0" No. 1 white pine 

1 piece I"xl0"x2' 0" maple 



Material Required 

Hardware- 



Pieces 

1 maple 

2 

1 maple 

5 

3 

2 

1 

2 

3 

2 

2 

1 

2 

1 

2 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 



Stock Bill 

Finished Dimensions 
I|"xl0"xl0' 0" 
If"xl0"xl0' 0" 
Ij"x3r'x2' 8i" 
Ii"x3f"x2' Si" 
I|"x5|"x2' 2|" 
i"x9f' xlO' 0" 
I"x8"x2' 2f" 
|"xli"x8" 
5"x3|"x2' 2J" 
i"x3|"x4' 5J" 
|"x2"xl' 9|" 
i"x7"x2' 0" 
i"x7"x23|" 
i"x6"x23" 
Vx8"x23f" 
J"x7"x23|" 
I"x3"x2' 2f" 
If"x7f"x2' 7" 
j"x5J"xl6" 
i"x2f"xl6" 
I"x3i"x6" 



-18 carriage bolts |"x7" with washers 
12 carriage bolts j"x4i" with washers 
1 carriage bolt i"x4j" with washers 
42 flat head, bright screws 2" No. 12 
15 flat head, bright screws IJ" No. 10 
1 16" — Ij" bench screw 
1 iron pin i"x44" 



Use 



Top 

Top 

Leg 

Legs 

Cross rests 

Side aprons 

Shelf 

Shelf rests 

Leg braces 

Braces 

Cross shelf rests 

Drawer front 

Drawer sides 

Drawer back 

Drawer bottom 

Drawer bottom 

Drawer rests 

Vise 

Vise 

Vise lock 

Bench stop 



Directions 

1. Reduce all pieces to finished dimensions. 

2. Lay out and cut notches l"x5f " on one edge at one end of each leg to receive the cross rests. 

3. Lay out and cut out the dadoes i"x3|" on the legs for the leg braces, 6" from the lower end of each leg. 

4. Lay out the vise to a 3 1" taper at the lower end and 6" at the upper end and remove the stock to 
line with saw and plane. 

5. Lay out and cut a \" chamfer on one side of the vise at both ends and both edges. 

6. Taper the front piece for the vise to 3f" at each end. 

7. Chamfer the front piece the same as main piece for vise. 

8. Bore |" holes for j" iron peg in the vise lock at points shown in section drawing. 

9. Lay out and cut an opening at center of lower end of vise j"x2J" to receive the vise lock and fasten 
vise lock in place with a |"x4i" carriage bolt. 

10. Lay out and cut a mortise in the maple leg; the mortise to be 15/16"x2 13/16" on a centerline, drawn 
lengthwise of the stock; the upper end of the mortise to be 6" from the lower end of the leg. 

11. Fasten the front support of the vise to the main piece by using four IJ" No. 10, flat-head, bright 
wood screws; heads of screws to be neatly countersunk. 

12. Locate a point on a centerline, drawn lengthwise of the vise 10" from the upper end of the stock, 
and bore a 1" hole for the bench screw. 

13. Fasten bench screw in place on the vise. 

14. Fasten the cross rests to the legs by using two i"x4|" carriage bolts at each joint. 

15. Place the leg braces in position and fasten with two 2" No. 12 wood screws at each joint. 

16. Fasten braces in position using two screws at each leg. 



86 



AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 



17. Fasten cross shelf rests using two 2" No. 12 screws thru the braces into each end of each brace. The 
upper edge of rests and braces to be flush. 

18. Place the aprons and fasten with three 2" No. 12 wood screws into each leg. 

19. Cut two openings in the front apron; one to be l"x2' 0" for a board support and the other to be 7" 
x2' 0" for the drawer. These openings to be cut at places indicated in the drawing. 

20. At the end of bench opposite from the vise fasten the shelf rests at position shown in end elevation. 
Two H" No. 10, flat-head, wood screws should be driven through each rest and into the apron. 

21. Lay the shelf on the shelf rest and fasten with two screws at each end. 

22. Shape two pieces of stock 2' 2f" long for drawer to slide on as shown in the front elevation and 
fasten in place by driving two 2" No. 12 wood screws through the aprons into each end. 

23. Build a drawer to given dimensions. Stops should be placed so that the front edge of the drawer 
will close flush with the front apron. 

24. Bore a 1" hole in the maple leg and through the apron for the bench screw; the hole to be on a cen- 
terline, drawn lengthwise of the stock 8i" from the upper end of the leg. Cut keyway for the key on the nut 
of the bench screw and fasten nut in place with sTrews. 

25. Bore a |" hole through the maple leg for the iron pin. 

26. Bore |" holes in the front apron for maple peg at points shown in front elevation. 

27. Place top planks in position. Locate points for bolts as indicated in top plan. Bore holes in planks 
I" deep large enough to drop the heads of bolts. Finish the holes with |" bit through the planks and cross 
rest.''. Bolt top firmly in place. 

28. Plug the bolt holes. 

29. Make a maple bench stop to given dimensions and fasten with five 1 j" No. 8, flat-head bright 
wood screws; heads of screws to be countersunk below the surface of the stop. 




Fig. 37. The Work Bench and Tools in Shop. 



AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 



87 




Fig. 3S. Corner in Workshop. Note Forge and Tools. 



A FARM WORKSHOP 

A farm shop, suitable for the average farm, is illustrated on page 88. It was de- 
signed to meet ordinarj' needs without an unnecessary outlay of either material or equipment. 
The tools which make up the equipment, are those necessary for the ordinary farm and for 
keeping the equipment of such a farm in order. The individual must use good judgment in 
selecting standard tools, the size and weight of which suit his particular needs and the con- 
ditions which his particular farm presents. 

The building is 16 feet by 20 feet with 12-foot posts. The joists for the attic are placed 
for a 9-foot ceiling. The roof is half pitch, providing a large attic for storage purposes. The 
door is 8 feet by 8 feet which is a convenient size for admitting all kinds of farm machinery 
and equipment. Two large windows have been placed at each side of the shop and one small 
one in each gable for the attic. A door 2 feet 6 inches by 3 feet has been built above the main 
door, to admit lumber into the attic. A stock of lumber should always be kept on hand on 
the attic shelves. 

On one side, between the windows, a work bench 2 feet 6 inches wide, 10 feet long and 2 
feet 10 inches high is built. The front end of the bench is equipped with a homemade wooden 
vise which has an iron bench screw. At the other end is fastened a metal vise. The top of 
the bench is made of three 2-inch by 10-inch planks, the front one of which is maple, the 
others pine. The woodworking tools are arranged on the wall over the work bench, within 
easy reach of the workman at the bench. 

On the other side, at the rear corner, stand the forge and anvil. The forging tools hang 
on either the anvil block, or on the rack on the wall near the forge. On the same side, in the 
other corner, stands the stove. The smoke pipes from the stove and forge lead to the chim- 
ney, which is constructed of sewer tile and stands on a bracket. The chimney extends higher 
than the ridge of the building and is braced by rods. The drill press is fastened to the wall 
near the forge, and next to this is the grinder. 




88 




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89 



90 



AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 



The remaining wall space is sufficient for conveniently hanging all the farm tools. A 
silhouette of each is painted on the wall in its proper place so that when a tool is missing one 
can easily detect what it is. In a corner is a waste box over which hangs a broom. 

At the rear of the room is a stairway leading into the attic over which is a trap door. 
This door is manipulated by a rope hung over a pulley. This permits closing off the attic 
from the rest of the building in cold weather. 



Lumber for Farm Shop. 

9 pc. 2"x 4" — 16' Hemlock or Y Pine 

5 pc. 2"x 4" — 20' Hemlock or Y Pine 

3 pc. 2"x 4"— 18' Hemlock or Y Pine 

26 pc. 2"x 4"— 14' Hemlock or Y Pine 

38 pc. 2"x 4"— 12' Hemlock or Y Pine 

11 pc. 2"x 6"— 16' No. 1 White Pine 

3 pc. 2"x 8"— 14' No. 1 White Pine 

4 pc. I"xl2"— 10' No. 1 White Pine 

4 pc. I"xl2"— 14' No. 1 White Pine 
10 pc. l"x 6"— 12' No. 1 White Pine 
10 pc. l"x 6"— 14' No. 1 White Pine 

5 pc. l"x 6"— 10' No. 1 White Pine 
7 pc. l"x 4"— 12' No. 1 White Pine 

14 pc. l"x 4"— 10' No. 1 White Pine 
22 pc. I"xl0"— 10' No. 1 White Pine 
3 pc. l"x 8"— 14' No. 1 White Pine 
1160 ft. No. 1 White pine drop siding. 
1585 ft. No. 1 White pine matched fencing 6" 
500 ft. Hemlock roof boards 
6000 *A* Shingles 

Hardware for Farm Shop. 

12 lbs. 20d Nails 
5 lbs. lOd Nails 



60 lbs. 8d Nails 

20 lbs. 3d Shingle Nails 

6 12" Extra Heavy "T" Hinges 

2 8" Heavy "T" Hinges 

2 6" Strap Hinges 
12 Window Spring Bolts 

1 6" Hook with Staple 

1 Barn Door Latch 7" long with Padlock 
Hasps 

1 Padlock 
18 ^"x6" Carriage Bolts with Washers 

Lumber for Work Bench for 
Farm Shop. 

1 pc. 2"xl0"— 10' Maple 

2 pc. 2"xl0"— 10' Select white pine 
1 pc. 2"x4"— 16' White Pine 

3 pc. I"xl0"— 10' White Pine No. 1 
1 pc. 2"x6"— 10' White Pine No. 1 
1 pc. I"x6"— 16' White Pine No. 1 
1 pc. 2"x8"— 2' 8" Maple 

1 pc. 2"x4" — 3' Maple 

1 pc. ^"x8"— 12' White Pine 

1 pc. I"xl0"— 2' Maple 



Carpentry Tools for Farm Shop. 



1 26" Cross Cutsaw $ 1.10 

1 26" Rip Saw 1 . 10 

1 Jack plane— 14" with 2" cutter 1 . 80 

1 Carpenters' draw knife 55 

1 Marking gauge 15 

1 8" Try Square 25 

1 Mallet 22 

1 Saw Set 80 

1 Set of Auger Bits, 4/16" to 16/16" 

inclusive 4 . 70 

1 Ratchet Brace 1 . 50 

2 Screwdrivers, 1 largo, 1 small 72 

1 Countersink 20 

1 Steel rafter framing .square 1 .00 

1 Pair Pliers 70 

1 10" Flat file 15 



1 8" Triangular file 3 

1 6" Slim tapered triangular file 

1 12" Half-round wood file 

1 Pair 8" winged dividers 

1 8" Oblong carborundum oil stone. . . 

1 16-oz. Straight claw hammer 

1 24" Carpenter's level 

1 Nail set 

1 Putty knife '. 

4 Socket firmer chisels — j", ^", 1", 

U" 

1 2-lb. 2-oz. Bench hatchet 

1 Myers P^amous Lock Stitch, Sewing 
Awl with skein of thread and 1 
doz. needles andl ball wax 

1 2-ft. four-fold boxwood rule 



0.12 
.10 
.32 
.55 
.85 
.50 
.90 
.05 
.15 

1.40 
.60 



.75 
.25 



Total $21.48 



AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 



91 



Blacksmithing Tools for Farm Shop. 



Farmer's Anvil — 70-lb., cast iron body, 

steel face $ 5.00 

Farmer's Forge 6 . 00 

Blacksmith's Hand Hammer — 1-lb., 

10-oz 44 

Machinist's Hammer, 1-lb., 8-oz 37 

1 Straight Lipped j" opening, 18" 

length blacksmith's tongs 40 

1 Bolt Tongs, f " to ^", 20" length 50 

1 Pair Fluted Jaw Tongs for |" to 

5/16" iron, 18" 50 

1 Steel Square, 12"x8" 50 

1 Hardie to fit Farmer's Anvil 35 

1 Bonney's Farmer's Vise 3 . 10 

1 No. 1 Silver's Blacksmith's DriU .... 5 . 60 
1 Set Cleveland Twist Drill Bits, |" to 

1" by sixteenths (Shank to fit 

No. 1 Drill) 4.25 

1 10-lb. Blacksmith's Cross Pein 

Sledge 60 

1 Top Fuller |" to 9/16" with handle . . 35 



1 Bottom Fuller i" to 9/16" with 

handle $ . 40 

1 Square Flatter I5" face with handle. . 15 
1 Set Hammer 1" Sq. Face with 

handle 30 

1 Cold Cutter If" face with handle. . .50 
1 Hot Cutter If" face with handle. . . .40 
1 No. 9 Star Hack Saw Frame with 1 

doz. blades (12" frame and blades) 1 . 20 
1 Agricultural Wrench 21" opening. . . .60 
1 Always ready alligator wrench, 7" 

length 80 

1 5-lb. box cherry heat welding com- 
pound 40 

1 Spring Belt punch four tube 75 

1 Scratch Awl 10 

1 Grinder with one coarse and one 

medium dimo grit wheel 8.50 

1 Set of Stocks and Dies 4.00 

1 Copperized Oiler 15 

1 14" Pipe Wrench 75 



Total $46.96 



Farm Tools to be Stored in Farm Shop. 



Crowbav, 10-lb $ 0.40 

Corn Hook 25 

Scythe 75 

Snath 70 

Ax, 4-lb. (handled) 80 

Ironed Neckyoke 55 

Singletree 45 

Evener 65 

1 lb. Frazer Axle Grease 10 

Axle Oil 22 

Handled Cast Post Maul, Speery's 

Pattern, 16-lb 65 

1 MiU and Warehouse Broom 43 

Wire-stretcher, Benedict's Improved 

Jumbo 65 

Log Chain, 5/16" diam., 12 ft. length . 1 . 00 

Post Hole Digger (Atlas) 1 . 00 

Mattock 50 

One Man Cross Cut Saw (Champion 

Tooth), 4-ft 1.60 



Hay fork, 4-ft. Handle $ 0.45 

D. Handle Spade 60 

Garden Rake 55 

Clover Rake 50 

1 lb. High Grade Cup Grease 20 

Cant Hook (4-ft. handle) 1 . 15 

Heavy Bush Scythe 75 

Bush Snath 75 

Carborundum Scythe Stone 18 

Buck Saw 50 

Watering Pot, 16-quart 38 

Hay Knife (Weymouth) 70 

Spading Fork 65 

Manure Fork, 4-ft. Handle 55 

Harness Oil, 1 pint 25 

Ensilage Fork 1 . 15 

Sanderson Grain Scoop 90 

Potato and Vegetable Scoop 1.10 

1 Bolster Spring, 1,000-lb. xxx 1 . 85 

1 Garden Hoe 55 



"Total $24.41 




^ 





92 



AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 93 

ENSILAGE RACK 
Material Required 

Lumber — 2 pieces of white or yellow pine 6"x6"xl6' 0" 
2 pieces of white or yellow pine 2"x6"xl2' 0" 
1 piece of white or yellow pine 2"x6"xl4' 0" 

1 piece of white or yellow pine 2"x4"xl2' 0" 

2 pieces of white or yellow pine I"x6"xl0' 0" 
17 pieces of white or yellow pine I"xl0"x6' 0" 

1 piece of ash or white oak 2"x4"x3' 6" 

2 pieces of white or yellow pine 4"x4"xl2" 

Hardware — 2 U bolts |" round stock 4f" inside, 16" long with plate washers and nuts to carry stringers to 
rear axle. 

, ^ . * ,. , ,„ ^ , ... , I* To carry stringers at front 

1 triangular link j stock, 4 long i 

1 piece iron |"x2"xl0" for clevis at front end of reach 

2 machine bolts |"x3" to hold clevis to reach at front 

1 piece iron |"x2"xl6" to hold rear end of reach 
4 machine bolts |"x2J" to fasten reach at rear 

3 machine bolts, one ^"x6", one Y'x9", one 5"x.j" to hold stringers together at front. 

4 carriage bolts i"x8i" to hold uprights to stringers at rear 

2 carriage bolts 5"xl4" to hold uprights to stringers at front 
2 lbs. 8d common nails 

16— 16d nails 

Stock Bill 

Pieces Finished Dimensions Use 

2 6"x6"xl6' 0" Stringers 

4 2"x6''x5' 3" End uprights 

2 2"x6"x6' 0" End cross pieces 

2 2"x4"x5' 8" Front end diagonal braces 

2 I"x6"x9' 6" Lower side cleats 

17 I"xl0"x6' 0" Floor 

1 2"x4"x3' 6" Reach 

2 4"x4"xl2" Blocks below rear axle 

2 2"x6"xl0" Braces for front uprights 

Directions 

1. Cut all pieces to dimensions called for in stock bill. 

2. Draw a line across one edge of each stringer 3' 4" from the front end and a line across the front end 
of each 2" from the outside edge. Connect the line across the end with the line across the edge and remove 
the stock with the rip saw. 

3. Bolt the stringers together at front with the §"x5", i"x6" and i"x9" machine bolts placed 2", 6" 
and 1' 9" from the front ends. 

4. On a centerline on the upper edge at the back end of stringers bore two |" holes 4j" apart, 3" from 
the end for the U bolts. 

5. Place the 4"x4"xl2" blocks between the stringers and rear axle and fasten stringers with U bolts. 

6. Bore a I" hole on a centerline at the front end of the stringers 3" from the end. 

7. Block the stringers up under the front axle. 

8. Bore holes through stringers for end uprights with i" bit and fasten uprights in place. 

9. Fasten the end cross pieces in place, using two 16d nails in each upright. 

10. Cut the braces for front uprights triangular in shape and nail to the stringers so as to fit snugly against 
the front uprights. Use four 16d nails for each brace. 

11. Cut an opening in the upper edge of the front cross piece at the center for the rear end of the reach. 

12. Fasten the rear end of the reach to the front cross piece by bolting the |"x2"xl6" piece of iron to the 
top of the reach and back side of the cross piece. Use the |"x2J" machine bolts. 

13. Bend the |"x2"xl0" iron for clevis as shown in the detail drawing. Place the link in position and 
fasten the clevis to the front end of the reach with the two i"x3" machine bolts. 

14. Place the eye bolt through the stringers at front. 

15. Nail the floor to stringers and end uprights, using two 8d nails at each joint. 

16. Fasten the front end diagonal braces and the lower side cleats to the floor by using two 8d nails at 
each board. 



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94 



AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 95 



ROUGHAGE FEED RACK FOR SWINE 

Material Required. 

Lumber — 1 piece 2"xl2"xl2' 0" any kind of lumber 
3 pieces 2"x4"xl2' 0" any kind of lumber 
1 piece 13/16"xl0"xl2' 0" any kind of lumber 
9 pieces 13/16"x3"xl2' 0" any kind of lumber 



Hardware- 


— 16 16d common nails 
44 lOd common nails 
f lb. 6d common nails 

Stock Bill. 




Pieces 


Finished Dimensions 


Use 


2 


2"xl2"x3' 0" 


Ends 


2 


2"xl2"x2' 9" 


Ends 


4 


2"x4"x4' 0" 


End uprights 


4 


2"x4"x5' 4" 


Horizontal frame 


2 


13/16"xl0"x5' 8" 


Trough 


26 


13/16"x3"x3' 1" 


Side upright slats 


2 


13/16"x3"x24" 


End slats 


2 


13/16"x3"x22i" 


End slats 


2 


13/16"x3"x21" 


End slats 


2 


13/16"x3"xl9i" 


End slats 


2 


13/16"x3"xl8" 


End slats 



Directions. 

1. Cut all pieces to finished dimensions. 

2. Assemble the frame by fastening the horizontal 2"x4" pieces in place. 
Drive two 16d common nails through the end uprights in each end of the 
horizontal pieces. 

3. Bevel the end pieces to the dimensions shown in the drawing and 
fasten them to the uprights with lOd nails. The 2"x4" pieces should be placed 
so that their outside edges will be 10" apart at the bottom and 24" apart 
at the top. The nails may be driven from the inside. 

4. Lay out and cut the bevels at the ends of the end slats and fasten in 
place with two 6d common nails at each joint. 

5. Fasten the side slats in place using two 6d common nails at each joint. 

6. Place the two pieces for the trough so that the lower edge is 7" and 
the upper edge 2" from the end of the end piece and fasten with three lOd 
nails through the end plank into each end. 




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96 



AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 97 



ROUGHAGE FEED RACK FOR CATTLE 





Stock Bill. 


Pieces 


Finished Dimensions 


Use 


4 


6" D X 6' 0" 


Corner posts 


6 


6" D X 19' 0" 


Side beams 


6 


6" D X 6' 0" 


End beams 


2 


4" D X 17" 


Braces 


28 


2" D X 3' 4" 


Partitions 


4 


I"x8"x9' 6" 


Side boards 


2 


I"x8"x5' 0" 


End boards 


24 


f "x6" dowels 


Mortise and tenon joints 



Directions. 

Rough poles are to be used in the construction of this rack and the 
diameter of the main pieces may be slightly over or below 6" and yet do just 
as well. A piece may naturally be tapering from 6" at the large end to 4^" 
or 5" at the small end and yet be just as good. 

1. Cut all pieces to dimensions called for in stock bill. 

2. Lay out and bore 2"x4" mortises in corner posts at places indicated 
in the drawing. 

3. Cut a 2"x4" tenon at both ends of all beams. 

4. Cut a 2"x4" tenon at both ends of the braces. 

5. Bore 2" holes 2" deep and 18" apart in lower edge of top beams and 
upper edge of middle beams. 

6. Assemble the rack in the following order: (a) partitions to beams; 
(b) braces between beams; (c) side beams to corner posts; (d) end beams to 
corner posts; (e) boards. The corner posts and beams should be snugly 
drawn together while the \" hole is being bored for the dowel. The side 
boards may be nailed to the inside edge of the corner posts and braces. A 
piece of 2"x4" may be nailed to the corner posts between the middle and 
bottom stringer and the end boards nailed to it. 




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98 



AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 99 

HAY RACK 

Material Required. 

Lumber— 2 pieces 2"x8"xl6'^0" yellow pine 
2 pieces 2"x8"xl4' 0" yellow pine 
6 pieces 2"x4"xl2' 0" yellow pine 
1 piece 2"x4"x6' 0" yellow pine 
1 piece 2"x6"x8' 0" yellow pine 
12 pieces I"x6"xl6' 0" yellow pine 
1 piece I"x6"x3' 0" yellow pine 

Hardware— 8 10" hay rack clamps 

16 carriage bolts |"x5" inside boards on arms 
8 carriage bolts f "x4^" outside board on arms 

12 carriage bolts |"x4" plates to stringers 
8 carriage bolts i"x4" front and rear standards 
2 carriage bolts |"x3|" front standard at bottom 
4 carriage bolts |"x6" standards at bottom 
2 carriage bolts f "x4" cross brace front standard 

48 lOd common nails for bottom 

Stock Bill. 

Pieces Finished Dimensions Use 

2 If "x8"xl6' 0" Stringers 

4 If "x8"x3' 6" Cross rests 

5 I"x6"xl6' 0" Floor 

1 I"x4i"xl6' 0" Floor 
4 If"x6"xl2" Plates 
4 If"x6"x9" Plates 
8 If "x3f "x5' 8" Arms 

6 |"x6"xl6' 0" Top boards 

2 If "x3f "x5' 2" Rear standard 

2 If "x3f "x20" Bottom front standard 

2 If "x3f "x6' 0" Front standard 

1 |"x3"x2' 7" Brace at front standard 

1 |"x3"x23" Brace at front standard 

1 |"x3"xl8" Brace at front standard 

1 |"x3"xl5" Brace at front standard 

1 If "x3f "x2' 8" Brace rear standard 



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100 



AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 



101 



KING ROAD DRAG 

Material Required. 

Lumber — 1 piece white oak or ash 4"x9"x8' 0" front 

1 piece white oak or ash 2"xl0|"x8' 0" back 

2 pieces white oak or ash 2"x4"x8' 0" platform rests 
1 piece white oak or ash 2"x4"xl2' 0" for cross bars 

3 pieces pine I"xl0"x8' 0" platform 

Hardware — 5 machine bolts ^"xlO" for front 

5 machine bolts |"x8" for rear 

11 carriage bolts f"x4|" for iron plate 

6 lag screws f "x3" for top iron straps 

30 flat head bright wood screws 2" No. 12 for platform 
2 pieces iron j"xl^"x2' 0" for rub irons 
1 piece iron f "x2"x8' 0" 




Fig. 40. King Road Drag in Use. 




102 



AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 



103 



GRAIN BED 

Material Required. 



amber — (Poplar) 






Pieces 


Finished Dimensions 


Use 


4 


I|"x4"x4' 0" 


Cross sills 


7 


I"x4"xl3' 8" 


Floor 


2 


I"x5"xl3' 8" 


Floor 


4 


I"x8i"xl2' 0" 


Lower side boards 


2 


I"xl3"xl2' 0" 


Upper floor 


2 


I|"x2"xl2' 0" 


Upper side pieces 


2 


l"xll"xl2' 0" 


Upper side boards 


8 


I|"x2f"xl2" 


Stakes 


4 


I"x8r'x3' 0" 


End gates 


2 


I"x7|"x5' 4" 


Rear end gate 


1 


I"x8"x5' 4" 


Front end gate 


1 


I"xl3"x3' 0" 


Seat bottom 


1 


I"x7"x3' 4" 


Seat back 


2 


l"x4"xl' 5" 


Seat ends 


4 


If"x2"x8" 


Seat supports and spring rests 


1 


I"xl2"x2' 3" 


Foot platform 


1 


I"x6"x2' 3" 


Foot board 


2 


If"x3"x2' 1" 


Cleats for front end gate 


2 


If"x3"x2' 7" 


Cleats for rear end gate 


8 


l"x2"xl' 6" 


Side cleats for end gates 


8 


I"x2"xl3" 


Side cleats for end gates 


4 


I"x2"x7" 


Side cleats for front end gate 


4 


l"x2"xll" 


Side cleats for rear end gate 


2 


I"x2"xl3" 


Support for foot platform 


Hardware- 


-2 braces for front sill 


1 



> As shown in detail drawings 



6 braces for rear and middle sills 

6 strap bolts for rear and middle silh 

2 angle irons for footboard 

2 angle irons for under seat 

2 hinges for seat 

2 braces for foot board 

2 wagon box rods |"x5' 7" 

4 rectangular washers for wagon box rod 

2 seat springs 

8 stake irons U"x2|"x2f" 

1 lb. 21" No. 9 barred car nails, for floor 

1 gross flat head bright wood screws If" No. 8 

16 round head blued screws f " No. 7 for rod washers 

2 carriage bolts f "x5" front brace at top 

6 carriage bolts |"x4f" rear and middle braces at top 

8 carriage bolts f "x3" all braces at bottom 

2 carriage bolts |"x3j" footboard brace at bottom 

2 carriage bolts f "x3" footboard brace at top 

2 carriage bolts |"x2" footboard brace at top 

2 carriage bolts |"x3" angle under footboard 

2 carriage bolts ^"xS^" angle under footboard 

4 carriage bolts |"x4" hinge for seat 

2 carriage bolts ^"xZY' hinge for seat 




104 














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110 



AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 



111 



SILO FORM 

Material Required for a 12-ft. Form. 

Lumber— 8 pieces soft wood 2"xl0"xl0' 0" for ribs 

1 piece soft wood 2"xl0"x8' 0" for splices at joints 

3 pieces soft wood 2"x6"xl0' 0" for splices at joints and uprights 

for door 
3 pieces soft wood 2"x4"xl4' 0" for studs 
1 piece soft wood 2"x2"xl0' 0" for door 
1 piece soft wood 3"x4"x7' 0" for wedges 

8 pieces soft wood 2"x4"xl8' 0" for posts for elevating the form 
150 ft. 4"xl2' 0" soft pine matched and dressed flooring for outside 

of inside form, and spacing blocks 

Hardware — 2 sheets No. 20 galvanized iron 36"x2r 5" for outside form 
12 pieces soft steel j"xlj"x6" for lugs 
24 iron rivets i"x|" for fastening lugs 
6 machine bolts ^"xlO" threaded to the head for drawing outside 
form together 
64 machine bolts ^"x4^" with two washers each for splices at 

joints 
64 20d spikes for fastening studs to ribs. 
2 heavy T hinges for door 
5 lbs. 8d common nails for nailing flooring to ribs 




Fig. 41. Silo Form Completed. 




112 



AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 113 



FARM BUILDINGS 

The drawings of farm buildings on the following pages are only suggestive and it is ex- 
pected that local conditions such as size of farm, type of farming and topography of the land 
at the farmstead will warrant changes. If however, any one who is building, will glean 
a suggestion from them on how to make the buildings handy and as a result the farming 
easier, it is thought that the plans will have served a useful purpose. 

It may be stated that the plans in their arrangement and type of construction are such 
as are advocated by the better agriculturists. 

The open front poultry house appears to be gaining in favor as it conserves the vitality 
of the fowl and consequently produces more vigorous chicks the following spring. 

The hog house has these particularly commendable features: it is handy in arrange- 
ment; it has a ventilating system and admits sunlight in each individual pen. 

Brood sows do so much better in rearing a litter of pigs in a portable house than in a 
big house where there are other hogs, even though they are in a pen by theinselves, that the 
portable house is being used extensively. The A type of house is most generally used be- 
cause of its simplicity and ease of construction. 

The corn crib built as called for in the drawing serves a double purpose: a storage place 
for corn and a place between the two cribs for storing wagons, buggies or implements. 

The implement shed should have a floor. The type of shed shown appears to be the 
most satisfactory. The entire front is a set of doors which roll by one another as shown 
in the detail drawing, making it handy to get machines in and out of any part of the shed. 
It has the advantage over the open front shed in that it keeps the fowl out and prevents 
the rain and snow from blowing in. 

The floor plan of the small combination horse and dairy barn is only suggestive of an 
arrangement of the floor of a barn for a small dairy farm. 

The average farmer wishes his horses and cows in the same building so as to save time 
and steps in doing the chores. With the horse and cow barn separated by a partition and 
the milk house outside of the barn there is little danger of the milk becoming contaminated. 
Modern barn construction calls for plenty of light. Thirty-two windows 2' 6"x3' 6", out- 
side dimensions, furnishes approximately one square foot of window to twelve square feet 
of floor space. The Kind system of ventilation is advocated. Twelve fresh air inlets and 
four foul air flues are provided which should keep the air in the barn dry and pure. The 
engine room is separated from the milk house by a wall which keeps the oily odor of the engine 
from the milk. The alley between the barn and milk house is housed in so that one need not 
go outside in going from the barn to the milk house. On the second floor two driveways are 
provided which makes it easier for unloading hay and grain and provides a place for two 
loads in case of rain or at the end of a day. The granary should be housed in with a ceiUng 
not less than nine feet high. Windows should be provided in the side and end of the barn 
for hghting the granary and alley. Double-hinged swinging doors are placed at each drive- 
way. If sixteen instead of twelve foot posts are used, the roof will be high enough to permit 
the use of rolling doors which are usually preferred. Rolling doors may be used on the 
barn built to the dimensions called for in the drawing if they are hung so as to roll past each 
other. In this arrangement only one driveway can be open at a time. A retaining wall 
should be built not less than tv/elve feet from the barn and the span from the wall to the 
driveway bridged. By use of the bridge the light is not shut off from the stable as it would 
be if the approach were filled in against the barn. 



I 




114 




115 



116 AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 

COLONY POULTRY HOUSE 
Material Required. 

Lumber— 2 pieces 4"x4"xl4' 0" Skids 

2 pieces 4"x4"x8' 0" Cross ties 
7 pieces 2"x4"x8' 0" Joists 

1 piece 2"x4"xl2' 0" Studding 
4 pieces 2"x4"xl4' 0" Studding 

2 pieces 2"x4"xl0' 0" Studding 

1 piece 2"x4"xl2' 0" Girts 

7 pieces 2"x4"xl0' 0" Rafters 

4 pieces 2"x4"xr2' 0" Plates and sole pieces 

2 pieces 2"x4"x8' 0" Sole pieces 
27 pieces I"x3i"xl2' 0" Floor 

25 pieces 6"xl2' 0" Drop siding front and back 
32 p'eces 6"x8' 0" Drop siding ends and back 
13 pieces I"x8"xl4' 0" Roof boards 

2 pieces I"x6"xl4' 0" Fascia 

2 pieces I"x6"xl0' 0" Fascia 

2 pieces I"xl0"xl4' 0" Plancher 

2 pieces I"xl0"xl0' 0" Plancher 

1 piece 2"x6"x8' 0" Window sills 

2 pieces r'x4"xl0' 0" AVindow frames 
2 pieces I"x4"xl0' 0" Window casing 
2 pieces I"x4"xl0' 0" Door casing 

4 pieces I"x4"x8' 0" Corner boards 
2 pieces I"x4"xl2' 0" Corner boards 

1 piece I"x4"xl0' 0" Door 

5 pieces 3j"xl4' 0" flooring — Door 

2 windows 10"xl2"— 6 light 

Ij rolls of prepared roofing or 6 bundles shingles. 

Hardware — 1 cjuart priming paint 
1 quart finishing paint 
4 carriage bolts ^"xGl" with washers 
2-6" heavy strap hinges 
4 butt hinges 2|"x2|" for windows at top 
3 screen door hooks with screw eyes 
1-6" hasp and staple 

1 padlock 

10 lbs. 8d common nails 

2 lbs. 20(1 common nails 










117 



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127 



128 



AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 



BELT LACING, KNOTS, HITCHES AND SPLICES 

Of the many good ways of lacing a belt, only two standard methods are here illustrated. 
It is believed that if one can lace a belt well, using either of these methods he will be able to 
do such lacing as is usually necessary for transmitting power in farm machinery. 

Scarcely a day passes on the farm that there is not a call for a knowledge of the more 
common knots, hitches and splices. The life and use of a rope is greatly enhanced by a know- 
ledge of how to use, care for and repair it. Frequently a hay rope breaks and if the farmer 
knows how to make the long splice, it may save a trip to town, considerable time and per- 
haps a few loads of hay. 

Only the more useful knots, hitches and splices are shown. It is believed that if a country 
boy can make the long and short splice, properly crown the end of a rope and make the knots 
and hitches illustrated, he will be equipped for manipulating rope for all practical farm 
purposes. 



A^/>Ar£s o/^ P^ffTs o/^ /Po/^e 




£ni^. 



5/MPL£ OR Ot/e/?H/)A/D ^fl/or. 




F/6U/?£ E/6/iTH/^OT 



Srei^EOORe Ka/ot. 





Plato 1. 



3QUARe Knot. 




5nE£T Bend. 




Carrich Bend- 



B^ANNr H/vor. 





Plate 2 



Sl/p/Ovot. 




A/A/vae/f Knot. 




Bowl /Ne Kno t, 



Te/^Ms TE/?3 /C/vo T. 





Plate 3 
129 



DouBLeFifM/sH Loop. 




DouBte Bo/^/C/voT. 




5/i£i:PS/f/>NK. 



Cats Paw- 





Plate 4 



Halt Hitch 



TiMge/?H/TcM. 





Clo^e Hitch. 




CoMBMeO 7l/^3£/r'/^W /iAi/'H/TC/f. 




Plate : 

130 



/?OLUN6 H/ TCH- 




Bi/tc/fyy/iii H/Tt/i. 




/?OUND Tb/fN /i/^O /i/)l/= NiTC/i. 



FiSHe/?MA/^j Bs/iO. 





Plate 6 



RuNNiNS HircH. 




^/•^£/?6fA/Cr/(/VOT 




BoiYUNf O/V TN£ B/6MT. 



3l ippe/^r Ree^ K/fOT. 





Plate 7 
131 



Ci/cKOLO'5 /Ksr,f : 




3c//r&£OAiJs K/vor. 




SHeerSE/vD tv/TH 7bi>oif. 



Wmipping. 





Plate 8 



W/)uf<mr. 



n^^ 




Wall K/vorCmw/if. 




ffed. 




M/iTrtew l4^L/f£/<: 



M/ir/yfyt' yy/ii/rf/?. 




F/^S 




F/e'^. 




132 



3HO/n-^/'uc£; Commenced. 




Sf/o/frSfuce , ^- Pai/f/on. 




5mo/?tJpi/c£. J-'^Poj///o/7. 



5/fo/?rSfuce, Comp/efe(^. 




Plate 10 



Lor^G Splice, Commenced. 




Long Splice, 2 -"^ Position 




Lo/ve Splice , J -Position 




Long Splice, Completed. 




', stflp ends and 
strand around its mate. 



Plate 11 

133 




134 




135 




Combination I'lic r. 



136 





Ratchet Brace. 



Coping Saw. 



Drawing Knife. 



Ro.se Countersink 







Set Twist Drill Bits. 



Combination Carborundum Stone. 




Saw Set 



Flat Bastard Mill Vi\r 



Slim Taper Triangular File. 



^i»$^^0= 



Auger Bit. 




Putty Knife. 



137 



